First Kashmir War
The India-Pakistan War of 1947-48 is also known as the First Kashmir War. It was fought between the Dominion of India and Dominion of Pakistan over the former Princely state of Kashmir and Jammu from 1947 to 1948. The result of the war still affects the geopolitics of both the countries.
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Timeline
Losses
India claims 1,500 Indian soldiers were killed, 3,500 Indian soldiers were wounded and 1,000 were captured or went missing and 2,000 J&K troops were killed and an unknown number wounded. Pakistan claims that 2633 troops and tribesmen were killed and 4668 troops and tribesmen were wounded.
First Kashmir War Media
Partition of India and the movement of refugees
Field Marshal Claude Auchinleck, Supreme Commander of Indian and Pakistani armed forces
Maharaja Hari Singh of Jammu and Kashmir in military uniform
Poonch district of Pakistan-administered Azad Kashmir (in green) along with Muzaffarabad (blue) and Mirpur (yellow) districts in 1947
Liaquat Ali Khan, Prime Minister of Pakistan
Murree, overlooking Kashmir
Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime Minister of India
A Pakistan Army convoy advances in Kashmir
Pashtun warriors from different tribes on their way to Kashmir
The Line of Control between India and Pakistan agreed in the Simla Agreement (UN Map)
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References
- ↑ Kumar, Bharat (2014). An incredible war: Indian Air Force in Kashmir War 1947–1948 (2nd ed.). New Delhi: KW Publishers in association with Centre for Air Power Studies. ISBN 978-93-81904-52-7. Archived from the original on 6 February 2023.
- ↑ Massey 2005, p. 97
- ↑ Barua 2005, p. 192
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Bangash, Three Forgotten Accessions 2010
- ↑ Khanna, K. K. (2015). Art of Generalship. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. p. 158. ISBN 978-93-82652-93-9.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Jamal, Shadow War 2009, p. 57.
- ↑ Nicholas Burns; Jonathon Price, eds. (2011). American Interests in South Asia: Building a Grand Strategy in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India. Aspen Institute. pp. 155–. ISBN 978-1-61792-400-2.
- ↑ Lamb, A. (2002). Incomplete Partition: The Genesis of the Kashmir Dispute, 1947-1948. Oxford University Press. p. 141. ISBN 978-0-19-579770-1.
- ↑ Jamal, Shadow War 2009, p. 49.
- ↑ Valentine, Simon Ross (2008). Islam and the Ahmadiyya Jama'at: History, Belief, Practice. Hurst Publishers. p. 204. ISBN 978-1-85065-916-7.
- ↑ "Furqan Force". Persecution.org. Archived from the original on 2 June 2012.
- ↑ Ciment, J.; Hill, K. (2012). Encyclopedia of Conflicts since World War II. Taylor & Francis. p. 721. ISBN 978-1-136-59614-8.
Indian forces won control of most of Kashmir
- ↑ "BBC on the 1947–48 war". Archived from the original on 30 January 2015.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 Dasgupta, War and Diplomacy in Kashmir 2014
- ↑ Nawaz, The First Kashmir War Revisited 2008
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Nawaz, The First Kashmir War Revisited 2008, p. 120.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 Phillips, Charles; Axelrod, Alan (2005). Encyclopedia of Wars. Facts On File. p. 608. ISBN 978-0-8160-2851-1.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 Clodfelter, Micheal (2008-07-02). Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1494-2007, 3d ed. McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers. p. 638. ISBN 978-0-7864-3319-3.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 Prasad, Sri Nandan; Pal, Dharm (1987). Operations in Jammu & Kashmir, 1947–48 (PDF). History Division, Ministry of Defence, Government of India. p. 379.
During the long campaign, the Indian Army lost 76 officers, 31 JCOs and 996 Other Ranks killed, making a total of 1103. The wounded totalled 3152, including 81 officers and 107 JCOs. Apart from these casualties, it appears that the J & K State Forces lost no less than 1990 officers and men killed, died of wounds, or missing presumed killed. The small RIAF lost a total of 32 officers and men who laid down their lives for the nation during these operations. In this roll of honour, there were no less than 9 officers.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 Malik, V. P. (2010). Kargil from Surprise to Victory (paperback ed.). HarperCollins Publishers India. p. 343. ISBN 9789350293133.
- ↑ "An incredible war: Indian Air Force in Kashmir war, 1947–48", by Bharat Kumar, Centre for Air Power Studies (New Delhi, India)
- ↑ Roy, Kaushik (2009). The Oxford Companion to Modern Warfare in India: From the Eighteenth Century to Present Times. Oxford University Press. p. 215. ISBN 978-0-19-569888-6. Archived from the original on 18 May 2022. Retrieved 2022-05-18.
- ↑ Maj (Retd) AGHA HUMAYUN AMIN. THE 1947-48 Kashmir War The war of lost opportunities. p. 70.
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Singh, Maj Gen Jagjit (2000). With Honour & Glory: Wars fought by India 1947–1999. Lancer Publishers. pp. 18–. ISBN 978-81-7062-109-6.
- ↑ Sabir Sha (10 October 2014). "Indian military hysteria since 1947". The News International. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015.
- ↑ Krishna, Ashok (1998). India's Armed Forces: Fifty Years of War and Peace. Lancer Publishers. pp. 160–. ISBN 978-1-897829-47-9.
- ↑ By B. Chakravorty, "Stories of Heroism, Volume 1", p. 5
- ↑
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