GSM

GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) is a means of telecommunication produced by the European Institute (ETSI) to develop second-generation (2G) digital that is used by cellular networks used by mobile devices such as mobile phones and tablets.^[1]^[2]

History

In 1991, GSM was deployed in Finland. By the mid-2010s, it became everywhere for mobile communications.^[3]

GSM Media

Thomas Haug (first GSM president) and Philippe Dupuis (second GSM president) during a GSM meeting in Belgium, April 1992
GSM-Mobiltelefone der ersten Generation, Baujahr 1991*fotografiert im Deutschen Museum in München
GSM logo icon shown on the face of a Siemens GSM mobile phone from 1996
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Converting Gsm_structures.svg to /var/www/html/w/images/temp/transform_6fc4e8633eb4.png ... org.apache.batik.transcoder.TranscoderException: null Enclosed Exception: file:/var/www/html/w/images/temp/svg_7071e324035c0570bc315850/Gsm_structures.svg:-1 The attribute "xlink:href" of the element <image> is required at org.apache.batik.transcoder.SVGAbstractTranscoder.transcode(SVGAbstractTranscoder.java:228) at org.apache.batik.transcoder.image.ImageTranscoder.transcode(ImageTranscoder.java:92) at org.apache.batik.transcoder.XMLAbstractTranscoder.transcode(XMLAbstractTranscoder.java:142) at org.apache.batik.transcoder.SVGAbstractTranscoder.transcode(SVGAbstractTranscoder.java:158) at org.apache.batik.apps.rasterizer.SVGConverter.transcode(SVGConverter.java:1008) at org.apache.batik.apps.rasterizer.SVGConverter.execute(SVGConverter.java:719) at org.apache.batik.apps.rasterizer.Main.execute(Main.java:956) at org.apache.batik.apps.rasterizer.Main.main(Main.java:1009) Caused by: org.apache.batik.bridge.BridgeException: file:/var/www/html/w/images/temp/svg_7071e324035c0570bc315850/Gsm_structures.svg:-1 The attribute "xlink:href" of the element <image> is required at org.apache.batik.bridge.SVGImageElementBridge.buildImageGraphicsNode(SVGImageElementBridge.java:162) at org.apache.batik.bridge.SVGImageElementBridge.createGraphicsNode(SVGImageElementBridge.java:121) at org.apache.batik.bridge.GVTBuilder.buildGraphicsNode(GVTBuilder.java:213) at org.apache.batik.bridge.GVTBuilder.buildComposite(GVTBuilder.java:171) at org.apache.batik.bridge.GVTBuilder.buildGraphicsNode(GVTBuilder.java:219) at org.apache.batik.bridge.GVTBuilder.buildComposite(GVTBuilder.java:171) at org.apache.batik.bridge.GVTBuilder.buildGraphicsNode(GVTBuilder.java:219) at org.apache.batik.bridge.GVTBuilder.buildComposite(GVTBuilder.java:171) at org.apache.batik.bridge.GVTBuilder.buildGraphicsNode(GVTBuilder.java:219) at org.apache.batik.bridge.GVTBuilder.buildComposite(GVTBuilder.java:171) at org.apache.batik.bridge.GVTBuilder.build(GVTBuilder.java:82) at org.apache.batik.transcoder.SVGAbstractTranscoder.transcode(SVGAbstractTranscoder.java:210) ... 7 more ... error (SVGConverter.error.while.rasterizing.file)

The structure of a GSM network
GSM cell site antennas in the Deutsches Museum, Munich, Germany
A nano sim used in mobile phones

References

↑ What Is GSM? The Global System for Mobile Communication Explained (in en). www.emnify.com. Retrieved 2021-07-31.
↑ Global System for Mobile Communication - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics. www.sciencedirect.com. Retrieved 2021-07-31.
↑ What is GSM (Global System for Mobile communication)? (in en). SearchMobileComputing. Retrieved 2021-07-31.

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[1] What Is GSM? The Global System for Mobile Communication Explained (in en). www.emnify.com. Retrieved 2021-07-31.

[2] Global System for Mobile Communication - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics. www.sciencedirect.com. Retrieved 2021-07-31.

[3] What is GSM (Global System for Mobile communication)? (in en). SearchMobileComputing. Retrieved 2021-07-31.

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