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Infant mortality

A map with the infant mortality rates; lower rates are lighter shades of yellow; and higher rates are darker shades of red

Infant mortality is a measure of how many babies die during the first 12 months after birth. It is usually measured as being a number of deaths for every thousand births. The rate of infant mortality in a given place is the total number of babies dying under one year of age divided by the total number of live births during the year, then all multiplied by 1,000. For example, in 2009 the infant mortality rate in the USA was 6.8.[1] That means for every 1000 births, 6.8 babies will die before the age of one.

In 2013, the leading cause of babies dying in the United States was birth defects.[2] Other common reasons that babies die include suffocating during birth, pneumonia, getting an infection soon after birth, diarrhea, malaria, measles and not having enough nutrients.[3] It also includes problems during birth. For example the fetus may come out of the birth canal wrong, the umbilical cord may come out too soon, or labor may take too much time.[4] One of the most common reasons that babies die that can be avoided is smoking during pregnancy.[5] Drinking alcohol during pregnancy and taking illegal drugs also cause problems that may result in the baby dying.[6] Many situational things can affect how often babies die. These include: how much education the pregnant woman got, what the place is like, politics in that place, and how much healthcare is available.[7]

Infant Mortality Media

  • Percentage of population suffering from hunger, World Food Programme, 2020*     < 2.5%*     2.5–5.0%*     5.0–14.9%*     15.0–24.9%*     25.0–34.9%*     > 35.0%*     No data

  • Infant mortality rates are higher in countries with higher economic inequality.

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    Countries by 2019 GDP (nominal) per capita[a]

  • Map of countries by fertility rate, according to the Population Reference Bureau

  • Infant mortality rate by region

  • Life expectancy at birth by region

  • 1906 headline imploring parents to attend to the cleanliness of their infants, and to expose them to the "clean air" outdoors

  • Data indicating the IMR disparity between infants non-Hispanic black postpartum parent's and infants of white or Hispanic postpartum parents in the United States from 2000 to 2010

References

  1. ↑ World Bank, World Development Indicators. Google public data explorer. Retrieved 5 October 2011.
  2. ↑ Infant Mortality Statistics from the 1999 Period: Linked Birth/Infant Death Data Set. National Vital Statistics Reports 50 (4) (January 2002). p. 1–28. doi:10.1037/e558952006-001.
  3. ↑ Infant Mortality & Newborn HealthWomen and Children First. Retrieved 2017-04-25.
  4. ↑ "Labor and Delivery Complications -- the Basics". WebMD. http://www.webmd.com/baby/understanding-labor-delivery-complications-basics#3. Retrieved 2017-03-16. 
  5. ↑ A population study of first and subsequent pregnancy smoking behaviors in Ohio. Journal of Perinatology 36 (11) (November 2016). p. 948–953. doi:10.1038/jp.2016.119.
  6. ↑ CDC. Commit to Healthy Choices to Help Prevent Birth Defects | CDC (in en-us). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020-06-03). Retrieved 2020-07-30.
  7. ↑ Environmental and socio-economic determinants of infant mortality in Poland: an ecological study. Environmental Health 14 (1) (July 2015). doi:10.1186/s12940-015-0048-1.

Related pages


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