Inflorescence
An inflorescence is a flowering stem. The term is most used for a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem. An inflorescence is the reproductive portion of a plant; each plant bears its flowers in a specific pattern.
Whereas gymnosperms are mostly wind-pollinated, flowering plants are mostly pollinated by insects. There are some exceptions to this, for instance grasses are wind-pollinated. However, as a general rule, flowering plants rely on animals for their pollination.
Most flowers are pollinated by animals, usually insects. To be pollinated, a flower needs to be seen. Most insects have good colour vision, including vision in the ultra-violet (which humans do not have). That is the reason many flowers have attractive colours.
Sometimes there is just a close bunch of flowers (e.g. Antirrhinum) on a spike. Sometimes the inflorescence is so tight it looks like one single flower. What you see as a single daisy is actually made of several hundred tiny flowers packed together. This kind of inflorescence is called a pseudanthium ("false flower").
Advantages
The advantages of the inflorescence mode is all about reproduction compared to a single primitive flower of the Magnolia type.[1]
- Numbers
- There may be dozens or even hundreds of flowers in an inflorescence, with many seeds or fruits for each flowering.
- Pollination
- Increased pollination is an important bonus. Massing flowers together makes them more visible to pollinating insects and birds.
- Seed or fruit dispersal
- Dispersal by wind or animals is improved by having the flowers at the top end of a stem.
A raceme
A spike
Catkin (racemose or spicate)
A spadix
Head (round)
Umbel
Compound capitulum
Compound (triple) umbel
Panicle
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Inflorescence Media
Aloe hereroensis, showing inflorescence with branched peduncle
Amorphophallus titanum has the world's largest unbranched inflorescence. Photo of the plant in bloom in 2000 at Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden in Miami, FL.
This diagram is of Monochasium, a special type of Cymose inflorescence.
Blütenstand: Doppelwickel
Blütenstand: Doppelschraubel
Bostryx (lateral and top view)
Hypericum perforatum (bostryx)
Drepanium (lateral and top view)
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Related pages
References
- Wilhelm Troll: Die Infloreszenzen; Erster Band. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart 1964
- Wilhelm Troll: Die Infloreszenzen; Zweiter Band, Erster Teil. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart 1969