Kasuga-no-Kami

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Kasuga no Kami
Other namesKasuga Gongen
Kasuga Daimyōjin
Japanese春日神
Major cult centreKasuga-taisha

Kasuga no Kami (春日神) or Kasuga Gongen (春日権現) or Kasuga Daimyōjin (春日大明神) is a god of Kasuga-taisha.[1][2][3] It is composed of five separate gods each with a Shinto and a Buddhist equivalent.[4][3]

The four main kami enshrined at Kasuga-taisha are Ame-no-Koyane, Himegami, Futsunushi no mikoto, and Takemikazuchi no mikoto.[1] They are often imagined as a single entity called Kasuga Daimyōjin.[2] Kasuga Daimyōjin is composed of five divine beings and each consists of a Buddhist deity and Shinto kami counterpart. The fifth deity, Ame-no-Oshikumone, was added much later and is said to be the divine child of Ame-no-Koyane and Himegami.[4][3] The popularity of Kasuga Daimyojin inspired people to worship other gods as collective entities like Kumano Gongen.[5]

painting of the shrine with the five godsAme-no-Oshikumone is on the top right because his shrine is further from the other ones

The four main kami (excluding Ame-no-Oshikumone) each have a shrine devoted to them which are all in the same architectural style. They are characterized by sloping gabled roofs, a rectangular structure, katsuogi (decorative logs), and chigi (forked roof structures).[6][3] The first hall is dedicated to Takemikazuchi no mikoto, the second to Futsunushi no mikoto, the third to Ame-no-Koyane, and the final hall is attributed to the consort, Himegami.[7][3] Wakamiya Shrine is dedicated to the fifth god Ame-no-Oshikumone.[8][9][3][3]

The two kami Ame-no-Koyane and Himegami were bunrei transferred from Hiraoka Shrine, and the shrine was thus given the name of Moto-Kasuga ("former Kasuga").[10][11] Those two deities and their son Ame-no-Oshikumone[12][3] are ancestors of the Nakatomi clan and Fujiwara clan.[13][14][3]

Hiraoka Shrine is located on the western side of the Ikoma Mountains in central Osaka Prefecture. Originally it was a center for mountain worship and the kami of Kozudake, the peak immediately behind the shrine, came to be identified with Ame-no-Koyane, the Oyagami of the Nakatomi clan, and the Fujiwara clan.[10][11]

Equivalents

He has five components each of which has a corresponding Buddha.[4][3]

Shrine Hall Shinto Deity Buddhist Deity (Daijo-in) Buddhist Deity (Ichijo-in) others
First Hall Takemikazuchi Shakyamuni Amoghapasha[15]
Second Hall Futsunushi Bhaisajyaguru
Third Hall Ame-no-Koyane Kṣitigarbha
Fourth Hall Himegami Ekādaśamukha Dainichi Nyorai[3]
Wakamiya Shrine Ame-no-Oshikumone Manjushri āryāvalokiteśvara

In popular culture

Kasuga no Kami, Jade Angel is a card in WIXOSS.[16][17][18][19][20]

Related pages

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Grapard, Allan G.. The protocol of the gods: a study of the Kasuga cult in Japanese history (1992)University of California Press. ISBN 0520070976. OCLC 25873140.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Tyler, Royall. The miracles of the Kasuga deity (2016)Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231534765. OCLC 954193203.
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 Allan G. Grapard The Protocol of the Gods: A Study of the Kasuga Cult in Japanese History, University of California press p. 82-83
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Ten Grotenhuis, Elizabeth. Japanese mandalas : representations of sacred geography (1999)University of Hawai'i Press. ISBN 0824820002. OCLC 39181008.
  5. ↑ Ashkenazi, Michael. Handbook of Japanese mythology (2011)ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781849728560. OCLC 755870995.
  6. ↑ Cali, Joseph. Shinto shrines: a guide to the sacred sites of Japan's ancient religion (2013)University of Hawai'i Press. ISBN 9780824837136. OCLC 1043096844.
  7. ↑ Main Sanctuary. www.kasugataisha.or.jp. Retrieved 2019-03-28.
  8. ↑ https://www.mlit.go.jp/tagengo-db/common/001559851.pdf
  9. ↑ Wakamiya Shrine | Search Details (in en). Japan Tourism Agency,Japan Tourism Agency. Retrieved 2024-03-20.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Yoshiki, Emi. Zenkoku 'Ichinomiya' tettei gaido (in Japanese) (2007)PHP Institute. ISBN 978-4569669304.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Okada, Shoji. Taiyō no chizuchō 24 zenkoku 'Ichinomiya' meguri (in Japanese) (2014)Heibonsha. ISBN 978-4582945614.
  12. ↑ Ten Grotenhuis, Elizabeth. Japanese mandalas : representations of sacred geography (1999)University of Hawai'i Press. ISBN 0824820002. OCLC 39181008.
  13. ↑ Shibata, Joue. Saitama Sōsho. (1929) Volume 1: Chichibu Shi, p 111, Chichibu hikomikoto o keizu 『埼玉叢書. 第1巻』内『秩父志』内111頁「秩父彦命御系図」. Sanmeisha
  14. ↑ Ten Grotenhuis, Elizabeth. Japanese mandalas : representations of sacred geography (1999)University of Hawai'i Press. ISBN 0824820002. OCLC 39181008.
  15. ↑ https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/17426/1/Fowler.pdf[dead link]
  16. ↑ Kasuga no Kami, Jade Angel (WXDi-P09-070[EN) [Conflated Diva]]. DukeCityGamesRio. Retrieved 2024-03-21.
  17. ↑ Kasuga no Kami, Jade Angel (WXDi-P09-070[EN) [Conflated Diva]] (in en). Gaming Giant. Retrieved 2024-03-21.
  18. ↑ Your Trusted Marketplace for Collectible Trading Card Games - TCGplayer. www.tcgplayer.com. Retrieved 2024-03-21.
  19. ↑ Kasuga no Kami, Jade Angel (WXDi-P09-070[EN) [Conflated Diva]] (in en). Mahoney's Gaming Emporium. Retrieved 2024-03-21.
  20. ↑ Kasuga no Kami, Jade Angel - WXDi-P09-070[EN]. Perfect Sphere Games. Retrieved 2024-03-21.
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