Lysosome
A lysosome is a cell organelle.[1] They are like spheres and they have hydrolytic enzymes which can break down almost all kinds of biomolecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids, and cellular debris. They contain more than 50 different enzymes.
By convention, lysosome is the term used for animal cells.[2] In plant cells, vacuoles do similar functions. With a wider definition, lysosomes are found in the cytoplasm of plant and protists as well as animal cell.
Lysosomes work like the digestive system to break down, or digest, proteins, acids, carbohydrates, dead organelles, and other unwanted materials.[3] They break up larger molecules into smaller molecules. Those smaller molecules can then be used again as building blocks for other large molecules.[3]Sometimes, when the cell itself is dying or is dead the lysosomes will eat up the cell. This is why they are also known as 'suicide bags' of cells.
Lysosome Media
Lysosomes digest materials taken into the cell and recycle intracellular materials. Step one shows material entering a food vacuole through the plasma membrane, a process known as endocytosis.
TEM views of various vesicular compartments. Lysosomes are denoted by "Ly". They are dyed dark due to their acidity; in the center of the top image, a Golgi Apparatus can be seen, distal from the cell membrane relative to the lysosome .
The lysosome is shown in purple, as an endpoint in endocytotic sorting. AP2 is necessary for vesicle formation, whereas the mannose-6-receptor is necessary for sorting hydrolase into the lysosome's lumen.
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References
- ↑ De Duve C. 2005. The lysosome turns fifty. Nature Cell Biology 7 (9): 847–9. [1]
- ↑ Lysosome. Yale University. [2] Archived 2015-10-30 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Fullick, Ann (2008). Edexcel AS Biology Students' Book. pp. 142-143. ISBN 978-1-4058-9632-0.