Mantle (mollusc)
The mantle is a significant part of the anatomy of molluscs: it is the dorsal body wall which covers the organs of digestion, reproduction and movement.
In many, but not all, species of molluscs, the epidermis (skin) of the mantle secretes calcium carbonate and conchiolin, and creates a shell.
The word mantle means cloak or cape, and does often resemble a cloak. The edges of the mantle may extend far beyond the main part of the body, forming flaps, double-layered structures adapted for many different uses, including for example, the siphon.
The mantle cavity
The mantle cavity is a central feature of molluscan biology. This cavity is formed by the mantle skirt, a double fold of mantle which encloses a water space. This space contains the mollusc's gills, anus, and organs for taste, excretion and reproductive organs.
The mantle cavity functions as a respiratory chamber in all molluscs. In bivalves it is usually part of the feeding structure. In some mollusks the mantle cavity is a brood chamber, and in cephalopods and some bivalves such as scallops, it is a locomotory organ.
The mantle is highly muscular. In cephalopods the contraction of the mantle is used to force water through a tubular siphon, and this propels the animal rapidly through the water. In other molluscs, it is used as a kind of "foot" for locomotion.
Mantle (mollusc) Media
The cuttlefish uses its mantle cavity for jet propulsion
Photo of Haliotis asinina with the shell removed.
This drawing shows that the mantle (in gray) covers the majority of the dorsal surface of the animal.
The marine gastropod Cypraea chinensis, the Chinese cowry, showing its partially extended mantle.
Cypraea chinensis with its mantle fully extended.
The mantle of the land snail Indrella ampulla is off-white in color and partly visible under the shell. The head and foot are red, and the foot fringe is off-white with narrow black lines.
The mantle of the nudibranch Felimida purpurea has a marginal line of orange-yellow colour.
The mantle and the head of this slug Bielzia coerulans is smooth, while the rest of the body is tubercled.
