Maoism

Maoism is the communist (a plan about how countries should work) idea created by the Chinese man Mao Zedong. Mao believed that peasants, not factory workers, should lead the communist revolution (change in government). China followed Maoism when he became leader, in 1949. This created differences with communism in the USSR and Cuba. Maoism is still practiced in China today, but it has become different since Mao died in 1976. Today the Chinese economy is still considered a communistic economy. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) completely controls all aspects of production and sets workers wages artificially low for the "good of all", which is the basic premise of Maoism. All worker production is also relegated to the overall good and equality of all, the definition of which is also determined by the state (CCP). This effectively shackles the profit motive (upward wage mobility) for the working class, as upward mobility is all but nonexistent except for those in line with, or actively participating in, the Chinese Communist Party.

Statue of Mao Zedong in Lijang

Overview

Maoism was a theory created because of Mao’s beliefs and ideologies. Similar to Karl Marx, he agrees that a proletariat revolution is essential in order for society to change. As opposed to Marx who states that the factory workers should revolutionize, Mao felt that the farmers in China were the ones in need of this revolution. Marx supports an economically strong state that is industrialized. Mao on the other hand, does not support industrialization or technology.

The reasoning behind this is that he felt that industrialization would give owners the ability to exploit their workers even more which will result in a weakened proletariat class. While Karl Marx viewed industrialization to play vital role in the proletariat since factory workers were most likely the ones suffering under capitalism. Marxism states that “social change is driven by the economy” meaning that society and the economy are intertwined; while Maoism states that willpower is what changes us.

Then in 1960 as the USSR denounced Stalin’s ideas who Mao was an avid admirer of, Mao’s own popularity started to decrease. With the leader Liu Shaoqi, Mao’s policies were no longer in effect. Then in 1964, the “Cultural Revolution” happened due to the distribution of Mao’s “Little Red Book” which reemphasized his ideologies. This resulted in the deaths of many civilians due to conflicts and fighting between Mao’s party and the Red Guard.

Maoism Media

Strategic Issues of Anti-Japanese Guerrilla War (1938)
Strategic Issues in the Chinese Revolutionary War (1947)
Beijing, 1978. The billboard reads, "Long Live Marxism, Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought!"
Deng Xiaoping and Jimmy Carter at the arrival ceremony for the Vice Premier of China.
"Long live Chairman Mao! Long live Chairman Gonzalo! Protracted People's War!" (毛主席万岁！贡萨罗主席万岁！持久人民战争！) New Leftist graffiti on a wall at Qinghua South Road, Beijing, 6 December 2021.
Maoist leader Prachanda speaking at a rally in Pokhara, Nepal
Mao Zedong Thought is described as being Marxism–Leninism adapted to Chinese conditions, whereas its variant Marxism–Leninism–Maoism is considered universally applicable
The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) in February 2013
The flag of FP-25
Mao Zedong meets Richard Nixon on February 21, 1972, leading to a radical turn of events in which Nixon took steps to placate tensions between the People's Republic of China and the United States, beginning the slow process of reestablishing diplomatic relations between the two global powers