Marcus Garvey
Marcus Mosiah Garvey Sr., ONH (17 August 1887 – 10 June 1940), was a Jamaican political activist leader. He started the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League. He inspired Rastafarians and the Nation of Islam. Garvey was a black nationalist and Pan-Africanist. His ideas came to be known as Garveyism.
Garvey was born in Jamaica. He left Jamaica in 1910. He lived in Costa Rica for a few months. In 1912 he moved back to Jamaica. The Marcus Garvey Award is given each year to a Jamaican by JAM. He was an important activist during the Back-to-Africa movement.
Garvey was controversial because he supported the separation of black and white people and even supported the Ku Klux Klan.[1] He thanked white people for Jim Crow laws as well.[1]
Garvey had a stroke in January 1940 and this caused many to believe he had died.[2] In fact, many early obituaries of Garvey were released, some of which Garvey read himself.[2] He died in London on June 10, 1940 shortly after reading another early obituary of him, aged 52.[3][2]
Marcus Garvey Media
A statue of Garvey now stands in Saint Ann's Bay, the town where he was born.
In London, Garvey spent time in the Reading Room of the British Museum.
The UNIA flag, a tricolour of red, black, and green. According to Garvey, the red symbolises the blood of martyrs, the black symbolizes the skin of Africans, and the green represents the vegetation of the African land.[4]
In 1918, Garvey's UNIA began publishing the Negro World newspaper.
Garvey speaking at Liberty Hall in 1920
A UNIA parade through Harlem in 1920
A certificate for stock of the Black Star Line
The Black Star Line brochure for the SS Phyllis Wheatley, central exhibit in the Mail Fraud case of 1921. The SS Phyllis Wheatley did not exist; this is a doctored photograph of an ex-German ship, the SS Orion, put up for sale by the United States Shipping Board. The Black Star Line had proposed to buy her but the transaction was never completed.[5]
A postcard depicting the Atlanta Federal Penitentiary in 1920, a few years before Garvey was imprisoned there
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References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Stein, Judith (1991). The world of Marcus Garvey : race and class in modern society. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP. pp. 154–56. ISBN 978-0-8071-1670-8.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Marcus Garvey: Look for Me in the Whirlwind". American Experience. Public Broadcasting Service. January 19, 2001. No. 6, season 13.
- ↑ "How Marcus Garvey actually read his own obituary in a newspaper two weeks before he died". Face2Face Africa. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
- ↑ Cronon 1955, p. 67; Cashmore 1983, p. 160; Barrett 1997, p. 143; Grant 2008, pp. 214–215.
- ↑ Martin 2001, p. 160.