Mars flyby
Data collected from Mariner 4's flyby on a modern map
A Mars flyby is when a spacecraft passes near the planet Mars, but does not enter orbit or land on it.[1] Unmanned (no humans on board) space probes have used this method to collect data on Mars[2] and other worlds. A spacecraft that is built for a flyby is also known as a "flyby bus" or "flyby spacecraft".[3]
List of Mars flybys
- Dawn, closest approach (2009) was 549 km.[4][5]
- Rosetta[6] within 250 km[2]
- Nozomi[7]
- Mariner program spacecraft
- Mariner 4 (1965, the first successful Mars flyby), Mariner 6, and Mariner 7 returned data from Mars flybys
- Mars program spacecraft
- Two Mars flyby attempts were made in 1960 under Mars 1M (Mars 1960A and Mars 1960B).
- The third attempt at a Mars flyby was the Soviet Mars 2MV-4 No.1,[8] also called Mars 1962A or Sputnik 22, which launched in 1962 as part of the Mars program.[9] but it was destroyed in low Earth orbit due to rocket failure.[10]
- Mars 1 also launched in 1962 but communications failed before it reached Mars.[11]
- Mars 4 achieved a flyby in 1974 and detected a night-side ionosphere, although by that time Mars was already orbited by other spacecraft.[11]
- Mars 6 and 7 were Mars landers carried by flyby buses.[12]
Mars Flyby Media
This shows two of the frames from the Mariner 4 flyby projected over a grid
An image taken during the Mariner 4 Mars flyby is presented to the U.S. President
Mariner 7 lift-off - NASA
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References
- ↑ Page 15-16 in Chapter 3 of David S. F. Portree's Humans to Mars: Fifty Years of Mission Planning, 1950 - 2000, NASA Monographs in Aerospace History Series, Number 21, February 2001. Available as NASA SP-2001-4521.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Space probe performs Mars fly-by - BBC
- ↑ Joseph A. Angelo - Encyclopedia Of Space And Astronomy (2006) - Page 171
- ↑ Rayman, Marc D. "Dawn Journal: Aiming away from a bull's eye at Mars". The Planetary Society. Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2010-03-21.
- ↑ Malik, Tariq (February 18, 2009). "Asteroid-Bound Probe Zooms Past Mars". Space.com. Retrieved 2010-03-21.
- ↑ ESA - Rosetta successfully swings-by Mars,
- ↑ NSSDC - Nozomi
- ↑ McDowell, Jonathan. "Launch Log". Jonathan's Space Page. Retrieved 29 July 2010.
- ↑ Zak, Anatoly. "Russia's unmanned missions to Mars". RussianSpaecWeb. Retrieved 29 July 2010.
- ↑ Wade, Mark. "Mars". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Retrieved 29 July 2010.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 The Soviet Mars program Archived 2013-10-13 at the Wayback Machine, Professor Chris Mihos, Case Western Reserve University
- ↑ NASA - Mars 6