Muhammad Talab Hilal

Muhammad Talab Hilal (Arabic: محمد طلب هلالcode: ar is deprecated ;^[1] fl. 1963) was a Syrian politician, officer, and government official. He was a cabinet minister in the Ba'athist government of Yusuf Zuayyin and continued to be a cabinet minister in later governments. Before that, he was governor of Hama. Before that, Hilal was the chief of police in al-Hasakah. While he was a chief of police, Hilal wrote a book on Syria's Jazira region (part of Mesopotamia). This book was important for the Syrian government's plan for the "Arab Belt" programme in northern Syria.

Hilal completed his National, Political, and Social Study of the Province of Jazira^[a] on 13 November 1963.^[2]^{:&hairsp;Script error: The function "hyphen2dash" does not exist.&hairsp;}^[3]^{:&hairsp;Script error: The function "hyphen2dash" does not exist.&hairsp;}^[4]^{:&hairsp;Script error: The function "hyphen2dash" does not exist.&hairsp;} This book said that the Syrian government should begin the "Arab Belt" programme. Hilal wrote that the government should force Kurdish people who lived near the borders between Syria and Turkey and between Syria and Iraq to move. Then, the government could move Arab people into the area to take their lands.^[2]^{:&hairsp;Script error: The function "hyphen2dash" does not exist.&hairsp;} The Arab Belt ethnic cleansing programme began in 1973 and continued until 1976.^[5]^[6]^[2]^{:&hairsp;Script error: The function "hyphen2dash" does not exist.&hairsp;}^[3]^{:&hairsp;Script error: The function "hyphen2dash" does not exist.&hairsp;}^[7]^{:&hairsp;Script error: The function "hyphen2dash" does not exist.&hairsp;} The government accepted Hilal's plan in 1965. When Hilal's National, Political, and Social Study of the Province of Jazira became public in 1968, the Syrian government claimed that these were only Hilal's ideas. The Arab Belt programme did not begin before 1973 because the government had not yet built the Tabqa Dam [en]. In 1975, after the dam was complete, the government moved 4000 Arabs of the Walda tribe from the valley of the Euphrates into the "Arab Belt" area.^[8]^{:&hairsp;Script error: The function "hyphen2dash" does not exist.&hairsp;}

References

↑ Vanly, Ismet Chériff. Persecution of the Kurdish People by the Baath Dictatorship in Syria: The Syrian Mein Kampf Against the Kurds, translated and introduced with commentary and annotations by Ismet Chériff Vanly (in en) (1968). Amsterdam. p. 2.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Gunter, Michael M.. Out of Nowhere: The Kurds of Syria in Peace and War (in en) (2014). London, New York: C. Hurst & Co., Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-1-84904-435-6.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 McDowall, David. A Modern History of the Kurds (2021). London: I. B. Tauris. p. 453–476. ISBN 978-0-7556-0076-2. doi:10.5040/9780755600762.ch-021.
↑ The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society (2018). Santa Barbara, California. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153.
↑ Tejel, Jordi. Syria's Kurds: History, Politics and Society (in en) (2008). Abingdon: Routledge. p. 65. ISBN 978-1-134-09643-5. doi:10.4324/9780203892114.
↑ Hassanpour, Amir. Encyclopedia of Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity (in en-US) (2005)Macmillan Reference USA. p. 632–637. ISBN 978-0-02-865992-3.
↑ Gunes, Cengiz. The Cambridge History of the Kurds (2021)Cambridge University Press. p. 250–268. ISBN 978-1-108-62371-1. doi:10.1017/9781108623711.010.
↑ Tejel, Jordi. Syria's Kurds: History, Politics and Society (in en) (2008). Abingdon: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-09643-5. doi:10.4324/9780203892114.

Notes

↑ Other translations are: A Study about the National, Social, and Political Aspects of Al-Jazeera Province, Study of the al-Jezira Province from its Political, National and Social Perspectives, and National, social and political study of the province of Djazireh

[1] Vanly, Ismet Chériff. Persecution of the Kurdish People by the Baath Dictatorship in Syria: The Syrian Mein Kampf Against the Kurds, translated and introduced with commentary and annotations by Ismet Chériff Vanly (in en) (1968). Amsterdam. p. 2.

[:3-3] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Gunter, Michael M.. Out of Nowhere: The Kurds of Syria in Peace and War (in en) (2014). London, New York: C. Hurst & Co., Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-1-84904-435-6.

[:2-4] 3.0 ^3.1 McDowall, David. A Modern History of the Kurds (2021). London: I. B. Tauris. p. 453–476. ISBN 978-0-7556-0076-2. doi:10.5040/9780755600762.ch-021.

[5] The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society (2018). Santa Barbara, California. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153.

[6] Tejel, Jordi. Syria's Kurds: History, Politics and Society (in en) (2008). Abingdon: Routledge. p. 65. ISBN 978-1-134-09643-5. doi:10.4324/9780203892114.

[:0-7] Hassanpour, Amir. Encyclopedia of Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity (in en-US) (2005)Macmillan Reference USA. p. 632–637. ISBN 978-0-02-865992-3.

[:1-8] Gunes, Cengiz. The Cambridge History of the Kurds (2021)Cambridge University Press. p. 250–268. ISBN 978-1-108-62371-1. doi:10.1017/9781108623711.010.

[9] Tejel, Jordi. Syria's Kurds: History, Politics and Society (in en) (2008). Abingdon: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-09643-5. doi:10.4324/9780203892114.

[2] Other translations are: A Study about the National, Social, and Political Aspects of Al-Jazeera Province, Study of the al-Jezira Province from its Political, National and Social Perspectives, and National, social and political study of the province of Djazireh

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