Planetary system
Planetary system is the general term for a star with planets and other objects in orbit around it.[1][2] The Solar System is one of these.[3][4][5] It is now clear that many other stars have planetary systems.
The 21st century has become a golden era of planetary system discovery. 4,801 such exoplanets in 3552 planetary systems have been discovered, including 789 multiplanet systems.[6] Hundreds more systems are unconfirmed.
The closest confirmed system is Gliese 832 at 14.8 light years (ly) with one confirmed planet.The closest unconfirmed system is Alpha Centauri at 4.37 ly with a planet of Earth mass. The closest multi-planet system is Gliese 876 at 15.3 ly with four confirmed planets.
Of particular interest to astrobiology is the habitable zone of planetary systems. This is thought to be the region with the most potential to develop extraterrestrial life.
Multiplanetary systems
Multiplanetary systems are stars with at least two confirmed planets, beyond our Solar System.
From the total of 4,237 stars known to have exoplanets (as of June 1, 2024), there are a total of 904 known multiplanetary systems.
From the total of 1116 stars known to have exoplanets (as of June 2014, there are a total of 461 known multiplanetary systems.[7] About 280 of these have only two confirmed exoplanets, but some have more. The star with the most confirmed planets is our Sun with 8 confirmed planets, while the stars with the most confirmed exoplanets are Kepler-90 and HD 10180 with 7 confirmed planets each; in 2012, two more exoplanet candidates have been suggested for HD 10180, which would bring the total to 9 exoplanets in that system.
Gliese 876, with 4 confirmed exoplanets, is the closest multiplanetary system at 15 light years from our Solar System. A total of 12 systems are known that are closer than 50 light years away, but most are much farther away. The farthest confirmed multiplanetary system is OGLE-2012-BLG-0026L, at 13300 ly away.
The two most important stellar properties are mass and metallicity because it determines how these planetary systems form. The higher mass and metallicity tend to have more planets and more massive planets.
Planetary SystemMultiplanetary Systems Media
An artist's concept of a planetary system
Heliocentric model of the Solar System in Copernicus' manuscript
Illustration of the dynamics of a proplyd
Protoplanetary discs observed with the Very Large Telescope.
The Morgan-Keenan spectral classification
Debris disks detected in HST archival images of young stars, HD 141943 and HD 191089, using improved imaging processes (April 24, 2014).
Location of habitable zone around different types of stars
90% of planets with known distances are within about 2000 light years of Earth, as of July 2014.
References
- ↑ Darling, David J. (2004). The Universal Book of Astronomy, from the Andromeda Galaxy to the Zone of Avoidance. John Wiley & Sons Inc. p. 394. ISBN 978-0-471-26569-6.
- ↑ p. 314, Collins Dictionary of Astronomy, Valerie Illingworth, London: Collins, 2000. ISBN 978-0-00-710297-6.
- ↑ p. 382, Collins Dictionary of Astronomy.
- ↑ p. 420, A Dictionary of Astronomy, Ian Ridpath, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. ISBN 978-0-19-860513-3.
- ↑ Schneider J. Interactive Extra-solar Planets Catalog. The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopedia. [1]
- ↑ Schneider, Jean (2011). "Interactive Extra-solar Planets Catalog". The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2012-07-13.
- ↑ Schneider, Jean (2011). "Interactive Extra-solar Planets Catalog". The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. Retrieved 2012-01-30.