Muzna
Muzna – whose name means Cloud of rain in Andalusian Arabic[1] – was a slave-concubine of Emir Abdullah of Córdoba and a member of his imperial harem. She was the mother of Caliph Abd al-Rahman III[2] and was therefore given the title Umm Walad, which used to be given to slave-concubines who had children.
She is of Basque origin (or Frankish, according to French historian André Clot[3]) and was initially a Christian before converting to Islam.[4][5] As the granddaughter of Fortún Garcés Cajal, she is descended from the royal family of Navarre, the Aristas.[6] She died in 968.[7]
In his treatises and works such as The Ring of the Dove, the polymath Ibn Hazm named her after her own name, Hazm, and seemed to emphasize family ties between him and her.[8]
References
- ↑ D. Fairchild Ruggles (2004). "Mothers of a Hybrid Dynasty: Race, Genealogy, and Acculturation in al-Andalus". Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies. Duke University Press. 34 (1): 65-94. doi:10.1215/10829636-34-1-65. ISSN 1527-8263. S2CID 170890527.
- ↑ Cristina de la Puente (2013). "Free Fathers, Slave Mothers and their Children : a Contribution to the Study of Family Structures in Al-Andalus". Imago Temporis: Medium Aevum. ISSN 1888-3931.
- ↑ Clot, André (2004) [1999]. "Le califat". L'Espagne musulmane (in français). Paris: Perrin. p. 107. ISBN 2-262-01425-6.
- ↑ Cristina de la Puente (2017). The Ethnic Origins of Females Slaves in al-Andalus. Concubines and Courtesans: Women and Slavery in Islamic History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-062219-0.
- ↑ Joaquin Vallvé (1977). "Sobre demografía y sociedad en al-Andalus (siglos VIII-XI)". Al-Andalus (in español). Madrid.
- ↑ Adeline Rucquoi (February–March 2018). "La Croix et le Croissant". Le Figaro Histoire (in français) (36 - L'Espagne musulmane d'Al-Andalus à la Reconquista): 76-85. ISSN 2259-2733.
- ↑ Luisa Avila (1989). "Las mujeres "sabias" en Al-Andalus" (PDF). La mujer en al-Andalus: Reflejos históricos de su actividad y categorías sociales (in español). Autonomous University of Madrid: 139-185. ISBN 84-7587-117-8.
- ↑ Matthew S. Gordon; Kathryn A. Hain (2017). Concubines and Courtesans. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 354. ISBN 978-0-19-062218-3.