Nancy Wake
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Nancy Grace Augusta Wake (30 August 1912 – 7 August 2011) known as the "White Mouse", was an Australian who worked as a spy for the British in World War II.[1] At one time she was on the top of the Gestapo's most wanted list.[2] A novel by Sebastian Faulks based on her life called Charlotte Gray, was later made into a movie starring Cate Blanchett.[2]
Wake was born in Wellington, New Zealand in 1912, and moved to Australia when she was two. She ran away from home at the age of 16, and in 1935 went to London. She learned to be a journalist and worked in Paris. She married a rich factory owner, Henry Fioca in 1939. When the war started she became an ambulance driver. She soon became a part of a group led by Pat O'Leary (real name Albert Guérisse) which helped British soldiers escape from France.[1] The Gestapo soon noticed her activities and she fled to Spain. Her husband was captured, tortured and shot dead.[2]
In England she joined the Special Operation Executive (SOE). In April 1944, Wake was parachuted into France to work with the French Resistance before the D-Day landings. She was involved in several major battles with the German army. She claimed to have once killed an SS soldier with her bare hands.[3]
She was given several important medals for bravery including the British George Medal, the French Croix de Guerre (on three occasions), the Médaille de la Résistance and she was made a Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur. The Americans gave her the Medal of Freedom.[1] In 2004 Australia made her a Companion of the Order of Australia.[4]
She was an unusual woman for her time. She had a reputation among the soldiers she worked with for being a heavy drinker. Major John Farmer said about her drinking that "...we just couldn't work out where it all went".[1] When the Australian government offered her a medal she said they could "stick their medals where the monkey sticks his nuts".[2] She sold her medals to support her income in her old age. She said "There was no point in keeping them, I'll probably go to hell and they'd melt anyway".[1]
Nancy Wake Media
Most of the operations of Wake's SOE group were in or near Allier Department.
The medals awarded to Wake for her World War II service on display at the Australian War Memorial
Order of Australia's Ribbon
Ribbon of the 1939–1945 Star
Ribbon of the France & Germany Star
Ribbon of the Defence Medal
100x30px version of Ribbon for the War Medal 1939-1945
Ribbon of the Legion of Honor – Chevalier
Ribbon of the Legion of Honor – Officier
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References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Stafford, David (8 August 2011). "Nancy Wake obituary". The Guardian (London: GMG). . . http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/aug/08/nancy-wake-obituary. Retrieved 9 August 2011.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Wilsher, Kim (8 August 2011). "Farewell to Nancy Wake, the mouse who ran rings around the Nazis". The Guardian (London: GMG). . . http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/aug/08/nancy-wake-white-mouse-gestapo. Retrieved 9 August 2011.
- ↑ Paul Vitello (August 13, 2011). "Nancy Wake, Proud Spy and Nazi Foe, Dies at 98". New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/14/world/europe/14wake.html. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
- ↑ "It's an Honour". itsanhonour.gov.au. 2011. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 9 August 2011.