Oil refinery
An oil refinery or petroleum refinery is an industrial plant where crude oil is made into useful petroleum products by fractional distillation and other processes. Products include gasoline, diesel fuel, asphalt base, heating oil, kerosene, and liquefied petroleum gas.[1][2]
Oil Refinery Media
Jamnagar Refinery, the world's largest oil refinery, in Gujarat, India
Oil refinery in Brod, Republika Srpska
Baton Rouge Refinery (the sixth-largest in the United States)
Refinery, Bayport Industrial Complex, Harris County, Texas
The oil refinery in Haifa, Israel, is capable of processing about 9 million tons (66 million barrels) of crude oil a year. Its two cooling towers are landmarks of the city's skyline.
Crude oil is separated into fractions by fractional distillation. The fractions at the top of the fractionating column have lower boiling points than the fractions at the bottom. The heavy bottom fractions are often cracked into lighter, more useful products. All of the fractions are processed further in other refining units.
A breakdown of the products made from a typical barrel of US oil
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References
- ↑ Gary, J.H. and Handwerk, G.E. Petroleum Refining Technology and Economics (1984)Marcel Dekker, Inc. ISBN 0-8247-7150-8.
- ↑ Leffler, W.L.. Petroleum refining for the nontechnical person (1985)PennWell Books. ISBN 0-87814-280-0.
Other websites
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- Searchable United States Refinery Map Archived 2009-04-28 at the Wayback Machine
- Interactive map of UK refineries Archived 2007-12-12 at the Wayback Machine
- Complete, detailed refinery description
- Petroleum Refinery Planning and Optimization Using Linear Programming Archived 2007-06-07 at the Wayback Machine
- Student's Guide to Refining Archived 2007-06-10 at the Wayback Machine
- Global refinery shortage shifts power balance
- Ecomuseum Bergslagen Archived 2006-08-15 at the Wayback Machine - history of Oljeön, Sweden
- Detailed refinery description Archived 2007-06-26 at the Wayback Machine
- Fueling Profits: Report on Industry Consolidation (publication of the Consumer Federation of America)
- Price Spikes, Excess Profits and Excuses (publication of the Consumer Federation of America)
- Refinery study
- 2011 NACS Annual Fuels Report Archived 2011-02-22 at the Wayback Machine
- Basics of Oil Refining Overview of crude oil refining process
- Basics of Oil Refining Archived 2009-05-21 at the Wayback Machine Overview of crude oil refining process with focus on Canadian crude oil
- Refinery Animations & Videos Archived 2010-04-20 at the Wayback Machine Oil Refinery Process Animations,Videos & 360 Degree Views
- Chicago Bridge & Iron: Virtual Refinery Archived 2011-08-10 at the Wayback Machine
- Encyclopaedia of Hydrocarbons, ENI and Treccani ed., 5 volumes
