Old Hindi
Old Hindi (Old Hindi: خـــــــــــــــٿٰـا Kharā) was the earliest formstage of Hindustani language, and so the ancestor of Modern Standard Hindi and Modern Standard Urdu.[1]
| Old Hindi | |
|---|---|
| خـــــــــــــــٿٰـا | |
| Language family | |
| Writing system | Devanagari, Urdu |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | hiw |
It was spoken by the peoples of the Hindi belt, especially around Delhi, in roughly the 13th–15th centuries. It is attested in only a handful of literature, including some works by the poet Amir Khusrau, verses by the poet-saint Namdev, and some verses by the Sufi saint Baba Farid in the Adi Granth.[2][3] The works of Kabir also may be included, as they use a Khariboli-like dialect. Old Hindi was originally written in Devanagari and later in the Perso-Arabic script as well.[4]
Old Hindi poetry can be found as early as 769 AD.[5]
References
- ↑ Mody, Sujata Sudhakar (2008). Literature, Language, and Nation Formation: The Story of a Modern Hindi Journal 1900-1920. University of California, Berkeley. p. 7.
- ↑ Masica, Colin P. (1993). The Indo-Aryan Languages. Cambridge University Press. p. 54. ISBN 9780521299442.
- ↑ Callewaert, Winand M. and Mukunda Lāṭh (1989), The Hindi Songs of Namdev, Peeters Publishers, ISBN 978-906831-107-5
- ↑ Hindi: Language, Discourse, and Writing. Mahatma Gandhi International Hindi University. 2002. p. 171.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedDelacyAhmed2005.