Origami
Origami is a traditional Japanese art of paper folding. It uses many techniques and various objects can be created. The object is made of origami paper, which is specially made for folding and staying in shape. Many dictionaries and television shows suggest that origami is only paper cranes, waterbombs, and paper planes, but many new models and creatures have been made because new folding techniques have allowed this.[1]
When the Japanese first folded origami, they used only one piece of paper.[2] A different kind of origami called modular origami uses many small pieces that are the same, which are combined to form one large model. Also, many mathematical shapes can be made with origami.
History
The beginnings of origami are not clear. Paperfolding started in China in the 1st or 2nd century.[3] It finally came to Japan in the 6th century. Instead of making models that looked exactly like things, the first origami models only looked similar to things. People often folded models and gave them to other people for good luck. For example, Shinto nobles celebrated weddings with sake in glasses decorated with origami butterflies, which gave good luck to the bride and groom.[1][4]
There were also independent paperfolding traditions in other countries, like Germany and Spain. The earliest evidence of paperfolding in Europe is a picture of a boat in 1490. There was also a paper box from 1440.[5] Finally, in 1845, Kan no mado was written, and it was the first book of origami models.[1]
Recently, people have become more interested in origami. In 1954, Japanese paperfolder Akira Yoshizawa created rules to explain how to fold origami models.[6] His instructions on paperfolding are now used in all countries.
Paper
Peter Engel, who is a well-known paperfolder, says "the best paper [for origami] is thin and crisp and absolutely square." [7] Pre-cut origami paper is sold in many colors, sizes, and patterns. Duo paper, or paper with different colors on each side, is used by paperfolders because it makes areas of different color on the finished model. There are also special papers, like textured, metallic, and patterned.
Many people like to make their own paper. Engel describes a process shown to him by Robert J. Lang that is "a sandwich of aluminum foil and two pieces of tissue paper." [7] In this method, two pieces of paper are pasted to each side of the aluminum foil. Many people like origami because there is almost always paper. Copy paper, napkins, wallpaper, index cards, and even paper money can be used to make interesting and unique models.[1]
Tools
Many paperfolders prefer to use a flat surface to fold models on, but others, like the Japanese, fold in the air.[7] Traditional paperfolders believe that only the hands should be used when folding, but many modern folders use other tools when folding. Tweezers and paper clips can be used to make very small folds. Some folders use rulers or other flat tools to make sharper creases in the models.
Types
New types of origami have been made because more people are making origami models.[8]
Modular
Pureland
Pureland origami is origami with one rule: only one fold can be made at a time. British paperfolder John Smith started pureland origami for inexperienced paperfolders or for people with poor motor skills. Hard folds, like the inside-reverse fold, are not allowed in pureland origami.
Pictures
Paper cranes
Modular origami
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Origami Media
Cranes made by Origami (Orizuru). The height is 35mm.
The folding of an Origami crane
A group of Japanese schoolchildren dedicate their contribution of Thousand origami cranes at the Sadako Sasaki*memorial in Hiroshima.
The folding of two origami cranes linked together, from the first known technical book on origami, Hiden senbazuru orikata, published in Japan in 1797
A modern ceremonial origami (origata) that follows the ceremonial origami of the upper samurai class of the Muromachi period.
Hyakkaku (百鶴, One hundred cranes) is one of the works featured in Hiden senbazuru orikata. It is made by folding a single sheet of paper, and its production method has been designated an Intangible Cultural Property of Kuwana City.
A list of nine basic origami folds: the valley (or mountain), the pleat, the rabbit ear, the outside reverse, the inside reverse, the crimp, the squash, the sink and the petal
A crane and papers of the same size used to fold it
Three bonefolders. The two on the left have been shaped and oiled, while the one on the right has not been altered. The shorter folder measures approximately 15 cm, while the longer two are 17.5 cm each.
A stellated icosahedron made from custom papers
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References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Beech, Rick (2003). The Origami Handbook. Hermes House. ISBN 0681323205.
- ↑ Weisstein, Eric. "Origami - from Wolfram MathWorld". Wolfram MathWorld. Wolfram Research, Inc. Retrieved 20 December 2009.
- ↑ Mitchell, David (2006). Chinese Origami. Ivy Press Limited. ISBN 076078261X.
- ↑ "History of Origami". Pieces 'n Creases. Archived from the original on 14 October 2007. Retrieved 12 January 2010.
- ↑ Donna Serena da Riva. "Paper Folding in 15th Century Europe" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 April 2012. Retrieved 12 January 2010.
- ↑ Margalit Fox (2 April 2005). "Akira Yoshizawa, 94, Modern Origami Master". New York Times.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Engel, Peter. (1994). Origami: From Angelfish to Zen, p. 7.
- ↑ "Types of Origami". Origami Resource Center. Archived from the original on 5 November 2015. Retrieved 22 December 2009.