Polder

Polder at Neßmersiel, Germany, aerial view (2012)

The Zuiderzee in the Netherlands is a Polder. Old land is mostly green, new land is darker in color.

Empoldering is a method of reclaiming land from the sea or from inland lakes, and a way to control floods. Empoldering involves the use of a polder, a piece of land in a low-lying area that has been reclaimed from a body of water by building dikes and drainage canals.

Although empoldering is usually carried out in low-lying coastal areas, it can also be dome in inland areas such as lakes and rivers. It is common in countries like the Netherlands, where much of the country is below sea level and subject to flooding. About one-fifth of the land in the Netherlands has been reclaimed from the sea. Their largest and most successful project is the Zuiderzee Works.

Polders have two distinct features. Firstly, they are enclosed by dikes to keep the water out. The dikes also serve to protect the polder from erosion. Secondly, polders are continually maintained by systems of drainage canals and pumps which prevent them from becoming waterlogged and hence, suitable for cultivation.

Process

Stage 1: Dike constructed around the area to be reclaimed to keep water from coming in.

Stage 2: The area is drained using pumps and drainage canals.

Stage 3: "Reeds" (a type of salt tolerant plant) are sown by aircraft to help the soil form.

Stage 4: After 3 years, reeds are burnt and the ash is used as fertilizers for the soil.

Stage 5: After a period of up to 15 years, the polder is ready for growing crops, building houses and constructing roads.

Limits of land reclamation

1. Cost of reclaiming from deeper waters

2. Availability of sand

3. Dispute over territorial boundaries

Polder Media

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  Aerial view of Flevopolder, the Netherlands

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  Satellite image of Noordoostpolder, the Netherlands (595.41 km2)

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  Pumping station in Zoetermeer, Netherlands: The polder lies lower than the surrounding water on the other side of the dike. The Archimedes' screws are clearly visible.

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  The Yser river and West Flemish polders near Diksmuide

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  Friedrichskoog is a polder in Schleswig-Holstein

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  Luftbilder von der Nordseeküste 2012-05: Eidersperrwerk und Umgebung

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  The meandering Stingsloot separates the Vrouw Vennepolder (left) and the Rode Polder (right)

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  Wind farms in the Noordoostpolder

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  Areas of the Netherlands located below sea level (blue)