Proto-Sinaitic script
Proto-Sinaitic is a Middle Bronze Age script. It is known only from a few inscriptions at Serabit el-Khadim in the Sinai Peninsula.
Because there are so few Proto-Sinaitic signs, little is known with certainty about the nature of the script. The script co-existed with Egyptian hieroglyphs, so it is likely that it represented true writing, but this is not certain. From the shape of the signs, Proto-Sinaitic may be an alphabet, and the ancestor of the Phoenician alphabet, from which nearly all modern alphabets descend.
There have been two major discoveries of inscriptions of the Proto-Sinaitic script. The first was in the winter of 1904–1905 in Sinai by Hilda and Flinders Petrie, dated to circa 1700–1400 BC. The second find was more recently in 1999 in Middle Egypt by John and Deborah Darnell. This is dated to the 18th century BC.[1]
| Proto-Sinaitic | Phoenician | Phoen. value | Phoen. name | Hebrew | Greek | Brahmi | Latin | Cyrillic | Arabic |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
ʼ | ʾalp "ox" | א | Α | 
|
A | А | ا |
|
|
b | bet "house" | ב | Β | 
|
B | Б, В | ب |
|
|
k | kaf "palm" | כ | Κ | 
|
K | К | ك |
|
|
m | mem "water" | מ | Μ | 
|
M | М | م |
|
|
ʻ | ʿen "eye" | ע | Ο | ? | O | О | ع |
|
|
r | roʾš "head" | ר | Ρ | 
|
R | Р | ر |
Proto-Sinaitic Script Media
Hieroglyph representing a house
Phoenician letter beth
Khirbet Qeiyafa Ostracon (Iron Age I–II transition)
Phoenician letter aleph
Aleph (1st letter) in the Nabatean alphabet.
Proto-semitic Beth (house), a theological invention.
-
Phoenician letter beth
Beth (2nd letter) in the Nabatean alphabet.
References
- ↑ Goldwasser, Orly (2010). "How the alphabet was born from hieroglyphs". Biblical Archaeology Review. Washington, DC: Biblical Archaeology Society. 36 (1). ISSN 0098-9444. Archived from the original on 30 June 2016. Retrieved 6 Nov 2011.