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[[File:Taisho enthronement.jpg|thumb|right|Each emperor was [[wikt:confirm|confirmed]] in [[Ceremony|ceremonies]]. This was used for [[Emperor Taishō]] in 1912.]]
The {{nihongo|'''Emperor'''|天皇|[[tennō]]|literally "heavenly sovereign"}}<ref>Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). [http://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA960&dq= "Tennō"] in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 960.</ref> is a symbol of the [[Japan]]ese [[nation]] and the [[unity]] of its people.<ref>Nussbaum, [http://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA176&dq= "Emperors"] at p. 176.</ref>
The emperor is the head of the [[Imperial House of Japan]]. He is a [[ceremony|ceremonial]] [[conceptual metaphor|figurehead]].<ref>Nussbaum, [http://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA133&dq= "Constitutions"] at p. 133-134.</ref>
In the Japanese [[constitutional monarchy]], the emperor does not have any political power.<ref>Many countries that now have democracy decide to keep their historical king or emperor as a way to celebrate their history and culture.</ref> In world [[politics]], he is the only current emperor.
The current emperor is His Imperial Majesty the [[Akihito|Emperor Akihito]]. He has been on the [[Chrysanthemum Throne]] since his father [[Hirohito|Emperor Shōwa (Hirohito)]] died in 1989.
The amount of power belonging to the emperor of Japan has changed a lot throughout Japanese history. The Emperor of Japan has sometimes been a [[Shinto|cleric]] with mostly [[symbol]]ic powers and sometimes an actual ruler. Some believe that the emperor is [[wikt:simple:progeny|descended]] from gods. Until 1945, the Japanese [[monarch]]s were always the leaders of the [[military]].
Since the mid-[[1800s]], the Imperial Palace has been located on the former site of [[Edo Castle]] （江戸城）in the heart of [[Tokyo]]. Earlier emperors lived in [[Kyoto]] for nearly eleven centuries.
==Origin==
:{{Main|List of Emperors of Japan}}
The earliest monarch listed as an emperor who is believed by [[historian]]s to have existed in history was [[Emperor Ojin]].
The imperial [[dynasty]] that rules Japan today began as a local [[kingship]] in Central Japan in the [[500s]]. It slowly increased its power over its neighbors. This led to a more [[centralize]]d state made up of almost all of the central areas of what is now Japan. The remote areas were outside its borders.
==Current role of Emperor==
The emperor's role is defined in Chapter I of the 1947 [[Constitution of Japan]].
*Article 1 defines the emperor as the symbol of state and the unity of the people
*Article 3 says the Emperor must have the approval of the cabinet in matters of state.
*Article 4 states that the emperor shall not have powers related to government.
*Article 6 gives the emperor the power to [[appoint]] the [[prime minister]] and the chief [[judge]] of the [[supreme court]].
*Article 7 gives the emperor power to do things common of a [[head of state]].
The emperor of Japan has no [[reserve power]]s.
While the emperor does serve as [[head of state]], many people question if the emperor is a true [[monarch]] in a political sense. Efforts in the [[1950s]] by [[conservatism|conservative]] powers to change the [[constitution]] to actually name the emperor as head of state were rejected. Regardless, the emperor does do all the [[diplomatic]] functions of a head of state and is recognized as one by foreign powers.
==Succession of Emperor==
{{Main|Line of succession to the Japanese throne}}
[[Succession]] is now controlled by [[law]]s passed by the [[Diet of Japan|Japanese Diet]]. The current law does not let females take the throne. A change to this law was considered until Princess [[Princess Akishino|Kiko]] gave birth to a son.
Until the birth of a son to [[Prince Akishino]] on [[September 6]], [[2006]], there was a potential succession problem. No [[male]] child had been born into the imperial family since Prince Akishino in 1965. Following the birth of [[Aiko, Princess Toshi|Princess Aiko]], some felt they needed to change the current Imperial Household Law to allow women to succeed to the throne. In January 2005 Prime Minister [[Junichiro Koizumi]] created a group of [[judge]]s, [[university]] [[professor]]s, and [[civil servant]]s to study the problem.
On [[October 25]], [[2005]] they recommended changing the law to allow females of the male line of imperial descent to ascend the Japanese throne. On [[January 20]], [[2006]], [[Prime Minister]] [[Junichiro Koizumi]] made an [[announcement]] that they would change the law to allow women to ascend the throne. However, after finding out that [[Princess Akishino|Princess Kiko]] was pregnant with her third child, Koizumi decided to wait. Her son, [[Prince Hisahito of Akishino|Prince Hisahito]], is the third in line to the throne under the current law of succession.
==Addressing and Naming==
Naming the emperors of Japan is difficult because of differences between Japan and the Western world. The Japanese use "{name} tennō" (for the past emperors) or "Kinjō Heika" (今上陛下） for the current one). Problems occur because emperors are named "{name} tennō" after their death.
Some Japanese once thought it was rude to call a person of noble rank by their given names. This belief is not commonly followed today, but still used for the imperial family. The current emperor on the throne is almost always referred to simply as ''Tennō Heika'' (天皇陛下, lit. "His Majesty the Emperor") or formally as Kinjō Heika (今上陛下).
In English, the recent emperors are called by their personal names.
For example, the previous emperor is usually called [[Hirohito]] in English, but after his death he was renamed ''Shōwa Tennō'' and is now only called by this name in Japanese. However, when he was in power, he was never called Hirohito or ''Shōwa Tennō'' in Japanese. Rather, he was simply called ''Tennō Heika'' (meaning "His Majesty the Emperor").
==Related pages==
*[[History of Japan]]
*[[Japanese Imperial family tree]]
==References==
[[File:Mon-Imperial.png|thumb|120px|The [[chrysanthemum]] [[symbol]] of the Japanese emperor and his family.]]
{{reflist}}
== Other websites ==
*[http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/eindex.html The Imperial Household Agency]
*[http://www.friesian.com/sangoku.htm#japan List of the Emperors], accompanied with the regents and shoguns during their reign and a genealogical tree of the imperial family
*[http://www.heraldica.org/topics/royalty/japan.htm The Emperor of Japan], explanation of the title of emperor in the context of western terminology
{{Japanese Imperial Family}}{{Imperial House of Japan family tree}}{{Monarchs of Japan}}
[[Category:Emperors of Japan| ]]
{{Link GA|uk}}
The {{nihongo|'''Emperor'''|天皇|[[tennō]]|literally "heavenly sovereign"}}<ref>Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). [http://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA960&dq= "Tennō"] in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 960.</ref> is a symbol of the [[Japan]]ese [[nation]] and the [[unity]] of its people.<ref>Nussbaum, [http://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA176&dq= "Emperors"] at p. 176.</ref>
The emperor is the head of the [[Imperial House of Japan]]. He is a [[ceremony|ceremonial]] [[conceptual metaphor|figurehead]].<ref>Nussbaum, [http://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA133&dq= "Constitutions"] at p. 133-134.</ref>
In the Japanese [[constitutional monarchy]], the emperor does not have any political power.<ref>Many countries that now have democracy decide to keep their historical king or emperor as a way to celebrate their history and culture.</ref> In world [[politics]], he is the only current emperor.
The current emperor is His Imperial Majesty the [[Akihito|Emperor Akihito]]. He has been on the [[Chrysanthemum Throne]] since his father [[Hirohito|Emperor Shōwa (Hirohito)]] died in 1989.
The amount of power belonging to the emperor of Japan has changed a lot throughout Japanese history. The Emperor of Japan has sometimes been a [[Shinto|cleric]] with mostly [[symbol]]ic powers and sometimes an actual ruler. Some believe that the emperor is [[wikt:simple:progeny|descended]] from gods. Until 1945, the Japanese [[monarch]]s were always the leaders of the [[military]].
Since the mid-[[1800s]], the Imperial Palace has been located on the former site of [[Edo Castle]] （江戸城）in the heart of [[Tokyo]]. Earlier emperors lived in [[Kyoto]] for nearly eleven centuries.
==Origin==
:{{Main|List of Emperors of Japan}}
The earliest monarch listed as an emperor who is believed by [[historian]]s to have existed in history was [[Emperor Ojin]].
The imperial [[dynasty]] that rules Japan today began as a local [[kingship]] in Central Japan in the [[500s]]. It slowly increased its power over its neighbors. This led to a more [[centralize]]d state made up of almost all of the central areas of what is now Japan. The remote areas were outside its borders.
==Current role of Emperor==
The emperor's role is defined in Chapter I of the 1947 [[Constitution of Japan]].
*Article 1 defines the emperor as the symbol of state and the unity of the people
*Article 3 says the Emperor must have the approval of the cabinet in matters of state.
*Article 4 states that the emperor shall not have powers related to government.
*Article 6 gives the emperor the power to [[appoint]] the [[prime minister]] and the chief [[judge]] of the [[supreme court]].
*Article 7 gives the emperor power to do things common of a [[head of state]].
The emperor of Japan has no [[reserve power]]s.
While the emperor does serve as [[head of state]], many people question if the emperor is a true [[monarch]] in a political sense. Efforts in the [[1950s]] by [[conservatism|conservative]] powers to change the [[constitution]] to actually name the emperor as head of state were rejected. Regardless, the emperor does do all the [[diplomatic]] functions of a head of state and is recognized as one by foreign powers.
==Succession of Emperor==
{{Main|Line of succession to the Japanese throne}}
[[Succession]] is now controlled by [[law]]s passed by the [[Diet of Japan|Japanese Diet]]. The current law does not let females take the throne. A change to this law was considered until Princess [[Princess Akishino|Kiko]] gave birth to a son.
Until the birth of a son to [[Prince Akishino]] on [[September 6]], [[2006]], there was a potential succession problem. No [[male]] child had been born into the imperial family since Prince Akishino in 1965. Following the birth of [[Aiko, Princess Toshi|Princess Aiko]], some felt they needed to change the current Imperial Household Law to allow women to succeed to the throne. In January 2005 Prime Minister [[Junichiro Koizumi]] created a group of [[judge]]s, [[university]] [[professor]]s, and [[civil servant]]s to study the problem.
On [[October 25]], [[2005]] they recommended changing the law to allow females of the male line of imperial descent to ascend the Japanese throne. On [[January 20]], [[2006]], [[Prime Minister]] [[Junichiro Koizumi]] made an [[announcement]] that they would change the law to allow women to ascend the throne. However, after finding out that [[Princess Akishino|Princess Kiko]] was pregnant with her third child, Koizumi decided to wait. Her son, [[Prince Hisahito of Akishino|Prince Hisahito]], is the third in line to the throne under the current law of succession.
==Addressing and Naming==
Naming the emperors of Japan is difficult because of differences between Japan and the Western world. The Japanese use "{name} tennō" (for the past emperors) or "Kinjō Heika" (今上陛下） for the current one). Problems occur because emperors are named "{name} tennō" after their death.
Some Japanese once thought it was rude to call a person of noble rank by their given names. This belief is not commonly followed today, but still used for the imperial family. The current emperor on the throne is almost always referred to simply as ''Tennō Heika'' (天皇陛下, lit. "His Majesty the Emperor") or formally as Kinjō Heika (今上陛下).
In English, the recent emperors are called by their personal names.
For example, the previous emperor is usually called [[Hirohito]] in English, but after his death he was renamed ''Shōwa Tennō'' and is now only called by this name in Japanese. However, when he was in power, he was never called Hirohito or ''Shōwa Tennō'' in Japanese. Rather, he was simply called ''Tennō Heika'' (meaning "His Majesty the Emperor").
==Related pages==
*[[History of Japan]]
*[[Japanese Imperial family tree]]
==References==
[[File:Mon-Imperial.png|thumb|120px|The [[chrysanthemum]] [[symbol]] of the Japanese emperor and his family.]]
{{reflist}}
== Other websites ==
*[http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/eindex.html The Imperial Household Agency]
*[http://www.friesian.com/sangoku.htm#japan List of the Emperors], accompanied with the regents and shoguns during their reign and a genealogical tree of the imperial family
*[http://www.heraldica.org/topics/royalty/japan.htm The Emperor of Japan], explanation of the title of emperor in the context of western terminology
{{Japanese Imperial Family}}{{Imperial House of Japan family tree}}{{Monarchs of Japan}}
[[Category:Emperors of Japan| ]]
{{Link GA|uk}}