Changes
Spelling mistake in history, coutry rather than country
{{Infobox World Heritage Site
| WHS = '''Alhambra''', Generalife and Albayzín, Granada
| Image = [[File:Patio de los Arrayanes.jpg|150px|The Patio de los Arrayanes.]]
| State Party = [[Spain]]
| Type = Cultural
| Criteria = i, iii, iv
| ID = 314
| Region = Europe and North America
| Year = 1984
| Session = 8th
| Extension = 1994
| Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/314
}}
[[File:116 Tafel 6 Grenada Alhambra - Plano del Palacio Arabe.jpg|thumb|Plan of the Palacio Arabe 1889]]
The '''Alhambra''' (from Arabic {{lang|ar|الْحَمْرَاء}} = Al-Ħamrā', literally "the red one"; the complete name was {{lang|ar|الْقَلْعَةُ ٱلْحَمْرَاءُ}} = al-Qal'at al-Ħamrā' = "the red fortress") is a palace and fortress complex of the [[Moors|Moorish]] rulers of [[Emirate of Granada|Granada]] in southern [[Spain]] (known as ''[[Al-Andalus]]'' when the fortress was constructed during the mid 14th century), occupying a hilly terrace on the southeastern border of the city of [[Granada]]. {{coord|37.17686|-3.589901}}
== History ==
In the [[Middle Ages]] the Alhambra was the residence of the [[Muslim]] rulers of Granada and their court, now it is one of Spain's major tourist attractions. There one can see the most famous [[Islamic architecture]] of the country. Within the Alhambra, the Palace of Charles V was erected by [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]] in 1527. {{coord|37|10|36.81|N|3|35|23.95|W|display=title}}
The Muslim rulers lost Granada and Alhambra in 1492 without the fortress itself being attacked when King [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]] and Queen [[Isabella of Castile]] took the surrounding region with an overwhelming force of numbers.
== Media ==
<gallery>
Image:Alhambra2001.jpg|Patio of the palace of Charles V
Image:Panorámica Alhambra y Sierra Nevada de fondo.jpg|Panoramic view
Image:Alambra_night_thierry_brouard.jpg|Panoramic view, illuminated at night
Image:Honeycomb_work.jpg|Mocárabes or honeycomb works
Image:Granada Alhambra Fuente de los leones.jpg|Lions Fontain
Image:AlhambraLionsFountain1Small.jpg|Court of the Lions
Image:Alhambra Löwenhof 7.JPG|Court of the Lions
Image:Palacio Nazaries, Alhambra, Granada.jpg|Detail looking up wall, Golden Room [[patio]]
Image:Alhambra de noche.JPG|Alhambra illuminated at night
Image:Partal(Alhambra).jpg|The pool of the El Partal Palace
Image:court of lions in Palacio Nazaries.jpg|Light effects in the Court of Lions
Image:Palacio de Comares.jpg|Guests in the Comares Palace
Image:Alhambra wall detail.jpg|Detail of a wall of the palacios nazaries
Image:Alhambra.1.ogg|Video walkthrough of the Alhambra - part 1
Image:Alhambra.2.ogg|Video walkthrough of the Alhambra - part 2
Image:Alhambra.3.ogg|Video walkthrough of the Alhambra - part 3
</gallery>
==Other reading sources==
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{citation|last1=Jacobs|first1=Michael|last2=Fernández|first2=Francisco|title=Alhambra|year=2009|publisher=Frances Lincoln|isbn=978-0-7112-2518-3}}
* {{citation|title=The Alhambra. Vol 1: From the Ninth Century to Yusuf I (1354)|first=Antonio|last=Fernández Puertas|publisher=[[Saqi Books]]|year=1997|isbn=0-86356-466-6}}
* {{citation|title=The Alhambra. Vol 2: (1354–1391)|first=Antonio|last=Fernández Puertas|publisher=Saqi Books|year=1998|isbn=0-86356-467-4}}
* {{citation|title=The Alhambra. Vol 3: From 1391 to the Present Day|first=Antonio|last=Fernández Puertas|publisher=Saqi Books|year=1999|isbn=978-0-86356-589-2}}
* Grabar, Oleg. ''The Alhambra''. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1978.
* Jacobs, Michael and Francisco Fernandez. ''Alhambra''. New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 2000.
* Lowney, Chris. ''A Vanished World: Medieval Spain’s Golden Age of Enlightenment''. New York: [[Simon and Schuster]], Inc., 2005.
* Menocal, Maria, Rosa. ''The Ornament of the World''. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 2002.
* Read, Jan. ''The Moors in Spain and Portugal''. London: Faber and Faber, 1974.
* D. Fairchild Ruggles, “Alhambra,” in ''Encyclopaedia of Islam'', third edition. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 2008.
* D. Fairchild Ruggles, ''Gardens, Landscape, and Vision in the Palaces of Islamic Spain'', Philadelphia: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2000.
* D. Fairchild Ruggles, “The Gardens of the Alhambra and the Concept of the Garden in Islamic Spain,” in ''Al-Andalus: The Arts of Islamic Spain'', ed. Jerrilynn Dodds. New York: Metropolitan Museum, 1992, pp. 162–71.
* D. Fairchild Ruggles, ''Islamic Gardens and Landscapes'', University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008.
* Steves, Rick (2004). ''Spain and Portugal 2004'', pp. 204–205. Avalon Travel Publishing. ISBN 1-56691-529-5.
* [http://lexicorient.com/spain/alhambra.htm lexicorient.com]
* Stewart, Desmond. ''The Alhambra''. Newsweek Publishing, 1974. ISBN 0-88225-088-4.
* The World Heritage. ''Istanbul and Cordoba'', Vol. #15. Film Ideas, 2008. ISBN 1-57557-715-1.
{{Refend}}
==Related pages==
* [[Islamic architecture]]
== References ==
{{refbegin|2}}
* Lowney, Chris. ''A Vanished World: Medieval Spain’s Golden Age of Enlightenment''. New York: Simon and Schuster, Inc., 2005.
* {{1911}}
{{refend}}
== Other websites ==
{{commonscat}}
* [http://www.alhambra-patronato.es Patronato de la Alhambra y Generalife]. Official web page of the Alhambra
* [http://www.alhambra-tickets.es Patronato de la Alhambra y Generalife]. Official web page for particular clients
* [http://www.alhambradegranada.org/default_en.asp www.AlhambraDeGranada.org]
* [http://www.alhambra.org/eng/index.asp?secc=/inicio&popup=1 www.alhambra.org]
* [http://www.alhambragranada.info/en/ www.AlhambraGranada.info]
* [http://video.google.co.uk/videoplay?docid=-5737979011492845533&hl=en-GB BBC Four documentary] — Art in Islamic Spain
*[http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?c=Article_C&cid=1176025499729&pagename=Zone-English-ArtCulture%2FACELayout Article about Alhambra as one of the 21 candidates shortlisted for the New 7 Wonders of the World]
* [http://www.turgranada.es/cultural-monumental/cultural-monumental-nivel3.php?id_seccion=509&tipo=secciones&id_idioma=2 Alhambra in turgranada.es] Official site for tourism of the province of Granada
*[http://www.freedigitalphotos.net/gallery.php?gid=113 Photos of Alhambra]
*[http://www.islamicarchitecture.org/architecture/palaces/thealhambra.html Alhambra Architectural Review]
*[http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/The_Alhambra.html Photos and text at greatbuildings.com]
*[http://www.gardenvisit.com/ge/alham.htm Alhambra - information on garden history and design]
*[http://www.hotels-spain-accommodation.com/andalucia/granada/alhambra/ Detailed study with photos of the Alhambra Granada]
*[http://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&ie=UTF8&z=17&ll=37.176578,-3.588538&spn=0.003881,0.010815&t=k&om=1 Google maps satellite image]
*[http://www.erasmuspc.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=161&Itemid=81 Article with English translations of the poems on the walls of Alhambra]*
*{{cite web |publisher= Victoria and Albert Museum
|url= http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/architecture/alternating_currents/collections/alhambra/index.html
|title= The Alhambra
|work=Architecture
|accessdate= 2007-10-20}}
* [http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/i/irving/washington/i72a/ Washington Irving's ''Tales of the Alhambra'']
* [http://www.360travelguide.com/360VirtualTour.asp?iCode=sol31 Panoramic virtual tour of Alhambra]
* [http://www.squinchpix.com/searchn.php?zoom_query=alhambra&zoom_and=0&zoom_sort=0&dmode=gallery Large photo collection of the Alhambra and palaces]
{{WHSite}}
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Spain]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in Spain]]
[[Category:Andalusia]]
[[Category:12 Treasures of Spain]]
| WHS = '''Alhambra''', Generalife and Albayzín, Granada
| Image = [[File:Patio de los Arrayanes.jpg|150px|The Patio de los Arrayanes.]]
| State Party = [[Spain]]
| Type = Cultural
| Criteria = i, iii, iv
| ID = 314
| Region = Europe and North America
| Year = 1984
| Session = 8th
| Extension = 1994
| Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/314
}}
[[File:116 Tafel 6 Grenada Alhambra - Plano del Palacio Arabe.jpg|thumb|Plan of the Palacio Arabe 1889]]
The '''Alhambra''' (from Arabic {{lang|ar|الْحَمْرَاء}} = Al-Ħamrā', literally "the red one"; the complete name was {{lang|ar|الْقَلْعَةُ ٱلْحَمْرَاءُ}} = al-Qal'at al-Ħamrā' = "the red fortress") is a palace and fortress complex of the [[Moors|Moorish]] rulers of [[Emirate of Granada|Granada]] in southern [[Spain]] (known as ''[[Al-Andalus]]'' when the fortress was constructed during the mid 14th century), occupying a hilly terrace on the southeastern border of the city of [[Granada]]. {{coord|37.17686|-3.589901}}
== History ==
In the [[Middle Ages]] the Alhambra was the residence of the [[Muslim]] rulers of Granada and their court, now it is one of Spain's major tourist attractions. There one can see the most famous [[Islamic architecture]] of the country. Within the Alhambra, the Palace of Charles V was erected by [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]] in 1527. {{coord|37|10|36.81|N|3|35|23.95|W|display=title}}
The Muslim rulers lost Granada and Alhambra in 1492 without the fortress itself being attacked when King [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]] and Queen [[Isabella of Castile]] took the surrounding region with an overwhelming force of numbers.
== Media ==
<gallery>
Image:Alhambra2001.jpg|Patio of the palace of Charles V
Image:Panorámica Alhambra y Sierra Nevada de fondo.jpg|Panoramic view
Image:Alambra_night_thierry_brouard.jpg|Panoramic view, illuminated at night
Image:Honeycomb_work.jpg|Mocárabes or honeycomb works
Image:Granada Alhambra Fuente de los leones.jpg|Lions Fontain
Image:AlhambraLionsFountain1Small.jpg|Court of the Lions
Image:Alhambra Löwenhof 7.JPG|Court of the Lions
Image:Palacio Nazaries, Alhambra, Granada.jpg|Detail looking up wall, Golden Room [[patio]]
Image:Alhambra de noche.JPG|Alhambra illuminated at night
Image:Partal(Alhambra).jpg|The pool of the El Partal Palace
Image:court of lions in Palacio Nazaries.jpg|Light effects in the Court of Lions
Image:Palacio de Comares.jpg|Guests in the Comares Palace
Image:Alhambra wall detail.jpg|Detail of a wall of the palacios nazaries
Image:Alhambra.1.ogg|Video walkthrough of the Alhambra - part 1
Image:Alhambra.2.ogg|Video walkthrough of the Alhambra - part 2
Image:Alhambra.3.ogg|Video walkthrough of the Alhambra - part 3
</gallery>
==Other reading sources==
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{citation|last1=Jacobs|first1=Michael|last2=Fernández|first2=Francisco|title=Alhambra|year=2009|publisher=Frances Lincoln|isbn=978-0-7112-2518-3}}
* {{citation|title=The Alhambra. Vol 1: From the Ninth Century to Yusuf I (1354)|first=Antonio|last=Fernández Puertas|publisher=[[Saqi Books]]|year=1997|isbn=0-86356-466-6}}
* {{citation|title=The Alhambra. Vol 2: (1354–1391)|first=Antonio|last=Fernández Puertas|publisher=Saqi Books|year=1998|isbn=0-86356-467-4}}
* {{citation|title=The Alhambra. Vol 3: From 1391 to the Present Day|first=Antonio|last=Fernández Puertas|publisher=Saqi Books|year=1999|isbn=978-0-86356-589-2}}
* Grabar, Oleg. ''The Alhambra''. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1978.
* Jacobs, Michael and Francisco Fernandez. ''Alhambra''. New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 2000.
* Lowney, Chris. ''A Vanished World: Medieval Spain’s Golden Age of Enlightenment''. New York: [[Simon and Schuster]], Inc., 2005.
* Menocal, Maria, Rosa. ''The Ornament of the World''. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 2002.
* Read, Jan. ''The Moors in Spain and Portugal''. London: Faber and Faber, 1974.
* D. Fairchild Ruggles, “Alhambra,” in ''Encyclopaedia of Islam'', third edition. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 2008.
* D. Fairchild Ruggles, ''Gardens, Landscape, and Vision in the Palaces of Islamic Spain'', Philadelphia: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2000.
* D. Fairchild Ruggles, “The Gardens of the Alhambra and the Concept of the Garden in Islamic Spain,” in ''Al-Andalus: The Arts of Islamic Spain'', ed. Jerrilynn Dodds. New York: Metropolitan Museum, 1992, pp. 162–71.
* D. Fairchild Ruggles, ''Islamic Gardens and Landscapes'', University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008.
* Steves, Rick (2004). ''Spain and Portugal 2004'', pp. 204–205. Avalon Travel Publishing. ISBN 1-56691-529-5.
* [http://lexicorient.com/spain/alhambra.htm lexicorient.com]
* Stewart, Desmond. ''The Alhambra''. Newsweek Publishing, 1974. ISBN 0-88225-088-4.
* The World Heritage. ''Istanbul and Cordoba'', Vol. #15. Film Ideas, 2008. ISBN 1-57557-715-1.
{{Refend}}
==Related pages==
* [[Islamic architecture]]
== References ==
{{refbegin|2}}
* Lowney, Chris. ''A Vanished World: Medieval Spain’s Golden Age of Enlightenment''. New York: Simon and Schuster, Inc., 2005.
* {{1911}}
{{refend}}
== Other websites ==
{{commonscat}}
* [http://www.alhambra-patronato.es Patronato de la Alhambra y Generalife]. Official web page of the Alhambra
* [http://www.alhambra-tickets.es Patronato de la Alhambra y Generalife]. Official web page for particular clients
* [http://www.alhambradegranada.org/default_en.asp www.AlhambraDeGranada.org]
* [http://www.alhambra.org/eng/index.asp?secc=/inicio&popup=1 www.alhambra.org]
* [http://www.alhambragranada.info/en/ www.AlhambraGranada.info]
* [http://video.google.co.uk/videoplay?docid=-5737979011492845533&hl=en-GB BBC Four documentary] — Art in Islamic Spain
*[http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?c=Article_C&cid=1176025499729&pagename=Zone-English-ArtCulture%2FACELayout Article about Alhambra as one of the 21 candidates shortlisted for the New 7 Wonders of the World]
* [http://www.turgranada.es/cultural-monumental/cultural-monumental-nivel3.php?id_seccion=509&tipo=secciones&id_idioma=2 Alhambra in turgranada.es] Official site for tourism of the province of Granada
*[http://www.freedigitalphotos.net/gallery.php?gid=113 Photos of Alhambra]
*[http://www.islamicarchitecture.org/architecture/palaces/thealhambra.html Alhambra Architectural Review]
*[http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/The_Alhambra.html Photos and text at greatbuildings.com]
*[http://www.gardenvisit.com/ge/alham.htm Alhambra - information on garden history and design]
*[http://www.hotels-spain-accommodation.com/andalucia/granada/alhambra/ Detailed study with photos of the Alhambra Granada]
*[http://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&ie=UTF8&z=17&ll=37.176578,-3.588538&spn=0.003881,0.010815&t=k&om=1 Google maps satellite image]
*[http://www.erasmuspc.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=161&Itemid=81 Article with English translations of the poems on the walls of Alhambra]*
*{{cite web |publisher= Victoria and Albert Museum
|url= http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/architecture/alternating_currents/collections/alhambra/index.html
|title= The Alhambra
|work=Architecture
|accessdate= 2007-10-20}}
* [http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/i/irving/washington/i72a/ Washington Irving's ''Tales of the Alhambra'']
* [http://www.360travelguide.com/360VirtualTour.asp?iCode=sol31 Panoramic virtual tour of Alhambra]
* [http://www.squinchpix.com/searchn.php?zoom_query=alhambra&zoom_and=0&zoom_sort=0&dmode=gallery Large photo collection of the Alhambra and palaces]
{{WHSite}}
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Spain]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in Spain]]
[[Category:Andalusia]]
[[Category:12 Treasures of Spain]]