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Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (view source)
Revision as of 20:06, 19 September 2020
, 20:06, 19 September 2020KS update 1.1
'''Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States''' are the members of the [[Supreme Court of the United States]] other than the [[Chief Justice of the United States]]. The number of Associate Justices is ruled by the [[United States Congress]] and is currently set at eight by the [[Judiciary Act of 1869]].
==How they are nominated==
The President "shall nominate, and by and with the [[Advice and consent|Advice and Consent]] of the Senate, shall appoint... Judges of the supreme Court." Although the Constitution refers to them as "Judges of the Supreme Court," the title actually used is "Associate Justice," introduced in the [[Judiciary Act of 1789]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llac&fileName=002/llac002.db&recNum=481|title=A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774 - 1875|website=memory.loc.gov}}</ref> Associate justices were traditionally styled "Mr. Justice" in court opinions, but the title was shortened to "Justice" in 1980, a year before the first female justice was appointed.<ref name="Biskupic">Joan Biskupic, ''Sandra Day O'Connor: How the First Woman on the Supreme Court Became Its Most Influential Justice'' (New York: HarperCollins, 2005), 101.</ref>
==Duties==
Each of the Justices of the Supreme Court has a single vote in deciding the cases argued before it; the Chief Justice's vote counts no more than that of any other Justice.
==Succession process==
Under [[Title 28 of the United States Code|28 USC]] [http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/28/3.html 3], when the Chief Justice is unable to discharge his functions, or that office is vacant, his duties are carried out by the most senior Associate Justice until the disability or the vacancy ends.
==Current justices==
'''The current Associate Justices are (in order of seniority):'''
<gallery perrow="5" mode="packed" heights="175">
File:Clarence Thomas official SCOTUS portrait.jpg| '''[[Clarence Thomas]]'''<br>(since 1991)
File:Stephen Breyer, SCOTUS photo portrait.jpg| '''[[Stephen Breyer]]'''<br>(since 1994)
File:Samuel Alito official photo.jpg| '''[[Samuel Alito]]'''<br>(since 2006)
File:Sonia Sotomayor in SCOTUS robe.jpg| '''[[Sonia Sotomayor]]'''<br>(since 2009)
File:Elena Kagan Official SCOTUS Portrait (2013).jpg| '''[[Elena Kagan]]'''<br>(since 2010)
File:Associate Justice Neil Gorsuch Official Portrait.jpg|'''[[Neil Gorsuch]]'''<br>(since 2017)
File:Associate Justice Brett Kavanaugh Official Portrait.jpg|'''[[Brett Kavanaugh]]'''<br>(since 2018)
</gallery>
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Other websites==
*[http://supct.law.cornell.edu/supct/cases/judges.htm Historic collection of Supreme Court decisions and biographies] indexed by judge name
{{Stub}}
[[Category:United States Supreme Court justices|*]]
==How they are nominated==
The President "shall nominate, and by and with the [[Advice and consent|Advice and Consent]] of the Senate, shall appoint... Judges of the supreme Court." Although the Constitution refers to them as "Judges of the Supreme Court," the title actually used is "Associate Justice," introduced in the [[Judiciary Act of 1789]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llac&fileName=002/llac002.db&recNum=481|title=A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774 - 1875|website=memory.loc.gov}}</ref> Associate justices were traditionally styled "Mr. Justice" in court opinions, but the title was shortened to "Justice" in 1980, a year before the first female justice was appointed.<ref name="Biskupic">Joan Biskupic, ''Sandra Day O'Connor: How the First Woman on the Supreme Court Became Its Most Influential Justice'' (New York: HarperCollins, 2005), 101.</ref>
==Duties==
Each of the Justices of the Supreme Court has a single vote in deciding the cases argued before it; the Chief Justice's vote counts no more than that of any other Justice.
==Succession process==
Under [[Title 28 of the United States Code|28 USC]] [http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/28/3.html 3], when the Chief Justice is unable to discharge his functions, or that office is vacant, his duties are carried out by the most senior Associate Justice until the disability or the vacancy ends.
==Current justices==
'''The current Associate Justices are (in order of seniority):'''
<gallery perrow="5" mode="packed" heights="175">
File:Clarence Thomas official SCOTUS portrait.jpg| '''[[Clarence Thomas]]'''<br>(since 1991)
File:Stephen Breyer, SCOTUS photo portrait.jpg| '''[[Stephen Breyer]]'''<br>(since 1994)
File:Samuel Alito official photo.jpg| '''[[Samuel Alito]]'''<br>(since 2006)
File:Sonia Sotomayor in SCOTUS robe.jpg| '''[[Sonia Sotomayor]]'''<br>(since 2009)
File:Elena Kagan Official SCOTUS Portrait (2013).jpg| '''[[Elena Kagan]]'''<br>(since 2010)
File:Associate Justice Neil Gorsuch Official Portrait.jpg|'''[[Neil Gorsuch]]'''<br>(since 2017)
File:Associate Justice Brett Kavanaugh Official Portrait.jpg|'''[[Brett Kavanaugh]]'''<br>(since 2018)
</gallery>
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Other websites==
*[http://supct.law.cornell.edu/supct/cases/judges.htm Historic collection of Supreme Court decisions and biographies] indexed by judge name
{{Stub}}
[[Category:United States Supreme Court justices|*]]