992,024
edits
Changes
mLine 1:
Line 1: − + − |name=calcium − |pronounce={{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|æ|l|s|i|ə|m}} {{respell|KAL|see-əm}} − |number=20 − |symbol=Ca − |left=[[potassium]] − |right=[[scandium]] − |above=[[magnesium|Mg]] − |below=[[strontium|Sr]] − |series=alkaline earth metal − |series comment= − |group=2 − |period=4 − |block=s − |series color= − |phase color= − |appearance=dull gray, silver − |image name=Calcium unter Argon Schutzgasatmosphäre.jpg − |image size= − |image name comment= − |image name 2=Calcium Spectrum.png − |image name 2 comment=Spectral lines of calcium − |atomic mass=40.078 − |atomic mass 2=4 − |atomic mass comment= − |electron configuration=[[[argon|Ar]]] 4s<sup>2</sup> − |electrons per shell=2, 8, 8, 2 − |color= − |phase=solid − |phase comment= − |density gplstp= − |density gpcm3nrt=1.55 − |density gpcm3nrt 2= − |density gpcm3mp=1.378 − |melting point K=1115 − |melting point C=842 − |melting point F=1548 − |boiling point K=1757 − |boiling point C=1484 − |boiling point F=2703 − |triple point K= − |triple point kPa= − |critical point K= − |critical point MPa= − |heat fusion=8.54 − |heat fusion 2= − |heat vaporization=154.7 − |heat capacity=25.929 − |vapor pressure 1=864 − |vapor pressure 10=956 − |vapor pressure 100=1071 − |vapor pressure 1 k=1227 − |vapor pressure 10 k=1443 − |vapor pressure 100 k=1755 − |vapor pressure comment= − |crystal structure=face-centered cubic − |oxidation states='''+2''', +1<ref name="West">{{cite journal|last1=Krieck|first1=Sven|last2=Görls|first2=Helmar|last3=Westerhausen|first3=Matthias|title=Mechanistic Elucidation of the Formation of the Inverse Ca(I) Sandwich Complex [(thf)3Ca(μ-C6H3-1,3,5-Ph3)Ca(thf)3] and Stability of Aryl-Substituted Phenylcalcium Complexes|journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society|volume=132|issue=35|pages=100818110534020|year=2010|pmid=20718434|doi=10.1021/ja105534w}}</ref> − |oxidation states comment=strongly [[base (chemistry)|basic]] oxide − |electronegativity=1.00 − |number of ionization energies=4 − |1st ionization energy=589.8 − |2nd ionization energy=1145.4 − |3rd ionization energy=4912.4 − |atomic radius=[[1 E-10 m|197]] − |atomic radius calculated= − |covalent radius=[[1 E-10 m|176±10]] − |Van der Waals radius=[[1 E-10 m|231]] − |magnetic ordering=[[diamagnetism|diamagnetic]] − |electrical resistivity= − |electrical resistivity at 0= − |electrical resistivity at 20=33.6 n − |thermal conductivity=201 − |thermal conductivity 2= − |thermal diffusivity= − |thermal expansion= − |thermal expansion at 25=22.3 − |speed of sound= − |speed of sound rod at 20=3810 − |speed of sound rod at r.t.= − |Young's modulus=20 − |Shear modulus=7.4 − |Bulk modulus=17 − |Poisson ratio=0.31 − |Mohs hardness=1.75 − |Vickers hardness= − |Brinell hardness=167 − |CAS number=7440-70-2 − |isotopes= − {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=40 | sym=Ca | na=96.941% | hl=[[1 E19 s and more|>5.9×10<sup>21</sup> y]] | dm=[[double beta decay|β<sup>+</sup>β<sup>+</sup>]] | de=0.194 | pn=40 | ps=[[argon|Ar]] }} − {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=41 | sym=Ca | na=[[trace radioisotope|trace]] | hl=[[1 E12 s|1.03×10<sup>5</sup> y]] | dm=[[electron capture|ε]] | de=- | pn=41 | ps=[[potassium|K]] }} − {{Elementbox_isotopes_stable | mn=42 | sym=Ca | na=0.647% | n=22 }} − {{Elementbox_isotopes_stable | mn=43 | sym=Ca | na=0.135% | n=23 }} − {{Elementbox_isotopes_stable | mn=44 | sym=Ca | na=2.086% | n=24 }} − {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=45 | sym=Ca | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=[[1 E7 s|162.7 d]] | dm=[[beta decay|β<sup>−</sup>]] | de=0.258 | pn=45 | ps=[[Scandium|Sc]] }} − {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=46 | sym=Ca | na=0.004% | hl=[[1 E19 s and more|>2.8×10<sup>15</sup> y]] | dm=[[double beta decay|β<sup>−</sup>β<sup>−</sup>]] | de=0.988 | pn=46 | ps=[[titanium|Ti]] }} − {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay2 | mn=47 | sym=Ca | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=[[1 E5 s|4.536 d]] | dm1=[[beta decay|β<sup>−</sup>]] | de1=0.694, 1.99 | pn1=47 | ps1=[[Scandium|Sc]] | − dm2=[[gamma ray|γ]] | de2=1.297 | pn2= | ps2=- }} − {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay2 | mn=48 | sym=Ca | na=0.187% | hl=[[1 E19 s and more|4.3×10<sup>19</sup> y]] | dm1=[[double beta decay|β<sup>−</sup>β<sup>−</sup>]] | de1=4.274 | pn1=48 | ps1=[[titanium|Ti]] | dm2=[[beta decay|β<sup>−</sup>]]<br/>(not observed) | de2=0.0058 | pn2=48 | ps2=[[scandium|Sc]] }} − |isotopes comment= − |discovered by=[[Humphry Davy]] − |discovery date=1808 − |first isolation by=Humphry Davy − |first isolation date=1808 − − + − + − + − + + Line 140:
Line 38: − + Line 163:
Line 61: − + − + Line 181:
Line 79: − + − + Line 189:
Line 87: + + + − +
KS update 1.1
{{Elementbox
{{infobox calcium}}
}}
[[File:Calcium unter Argon Schutzgasatmosphäre.jpg|thumb|Very pure calcium metal, not corroded]]
[[File:Calcium unter Argon Schutzgasatmosphäre.jpg|thumb|Very pure calcium metal, not corroded]]
[[File:Calcium.jpg|thumb|Calcium metal in air, corroded]]
[[File:Calcium.jpg|thumb|Calcium metal in air, corroded]]
'''Calcium''' is a [[chemical element]]. Its symbol on the [[periodic table]] (a list of all the elements) is '''Ca'''. Its [[atomic number]] is 20. (The atomic number says where Calcium sits in the periodic table.) It has 20 [[proton]]s and 20 [[electron]]s (if is an atom, see [[ion]]). The most common [[isotope]]s are Ca-40 and Ca-44. Its [[mass number]] is about 40.08.
'''Calcium''' is a [[chemical element]]. Its symbol on the [[periodic table]] (a list of all the elements) is '''Ca'''. Its [[atomic number]] is 20. (The atomic number says where Calcium sits in the periodic table.) It has 20 [[proton]]s and 20 [[electron]]s (if is an atom, see [[ion]]). The most common [[isotope]]s are Ca-40 and Ca-44. Its [[mass number]] is about 40.08.
Calcium is very important in the human body, It is required for minerals and bones.
Calcium is very important in the human body, for making [[bone]]s and for other purposes.
==Properties==
===Physical properties===
== Properties ==
Calcium is a soft white-gray [[metal]]. It is an [[alkaline earth metal]]. It melts at a quite high temperature for a reactive metal. It is a little harder than [[lead]]. It has two [[allotrope]]s. It does not conduct electricity as well as copper, but is much lighter in weight.
=== Physical properties ===
Calcium is a soft white-gray [[metal]]. It is a solid and is opaque. It is an [[alkaline earth metal]]. Its [[melting point]] is hotter than most other reactive metals. It is a little harder than [[lead]]. It has two [[allotrope]]s. It does not conduct electricity as well as copper, but is much lighter in weight.
===Chemical properties===
===Chemical properties===
===In the ground===
===In the ground===
[[File:Calcite-cu01abg.jpg|thumb|Calcite]]
[[File:Calcite-cu01abg.jpg|thumb|Calcite]]
Calcium is not found as a metal in the ground; it is too reactive. [[Calcium carbonate]], also known as [[calcite]], is the most common calcium mineral.
Calcium is not found as a metal in the ground; it is too reactive.<ref>{{cite web|title=Calcium: the essentials|url=http://www.webelements.com/calcium/|publisher=WebElements|accessdate=7 February 2016}}</ref> [[Calcium carbonate]], also known as [[calcite]], is the most common calcium mineral.
=== Calcium in cells ===
=== Calcium in cells ===
* how much calcium we lose in [[urine]]
* how much calcium we lose in [[urine]]
* how much calcium is put in bones
* how much calcium is put in bones
The control of calcium in the body is called ''calcium [[metabolism]]''.
The control of calcium in the body is called ''calcium [[metabolism]]''. Too little calcium can cause [[osteoporosis]].
The body controls calcium levels with many [[hormone]]s. Calcitonin, Parathyroid hormone ([[acronym]] PTH), and [[Vitamin D]] are the most important hormones in ''calcium metabolism''. (Vitamin D is a hormone but it is called a [[vitamin]].)
The body controls calcium levels with many [[hormone]]s. Calcitonin, Parathyroid hormone ([[acronym]] PTH), and [[Vitamin D]] are the most important hormones in ''calcium metabolism''. (Vitamin D works as a hormone but it is called a [[vitamin]].)
==Preparation==
==Preparation==
Calcium is part of [[calcium oxide]]. Calcium oxide is used to make [[paper]], [[pottery]], food, and to purify water (make it good to drink.) Calcium carbonate is used as a calcium supplement. Calcium permanganate can be used as a rocket [[wikt:propellant|propellant]].
Calcium is part of [[calcium oxide]]. Calcium oxide is used to make [[paper]], [[pottery]], food, and to purify water (make it good to drink.) Calcium carbonate is used as a calcium supplement. Calcium permanganate can be used as a rocket [[wikt:propellant|propellant]].
==Safety==
== Safety ==
Calcium is toxic as an element. It reacts with water and makes a strong [[base (chemistry)|base]], calcium hydroxide. Calcium compounds are not toxic unless the anion is toxic. Calcium permanganate is only toxic because of the [[permanganate]], not the calcium.
Calcium is toxic as an element. It reacts with water and makes a strong [[base (chemistry)|base]], calcium hydroxide. Calcium compounds are not toxic unless the [[anion]] is toxic. Calcium permanganate is only toxic because of the [[permanganate]], not the calcium. Like other [[alkaline earth metal]]s calcium burns easily and brightly.
==Related pages==
==Related pages==
==Sources==
==Sources==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
== Other websites ==
* [http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Calcium Calcium] -Citizendium
{{Periodic Table}}
{{Periodic Table}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Alkaline earth metals]]
[[Category:Alkaline earth metals]]