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KS update 1.2
| established_date6 = 15 December 1954
| established_date6 = 15 December 1954
| established_date7 = 10 October 2010
| established_date7 = 10 October 2010
| area_km2 = 41865<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.waarstaatjeprovincie.nl/Paginas/Ruimtelijke%20ordening/Oppervlakte.aspx|title=Oppervlakte}}</ref><ref name="auto2-additional">{{Cite web|url=http://onderwerpen/caribische-deel-van-het-koninkrijk/vraag-en-antwoord/waaruit-bestaat-het-koninkrijk-der-nederlanden|title=Waaruit bestaat het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden? – Rijksoverheid.nl|first=Ministerie van Algemene|last=Zaken|date=19 May 2015|website=onderwerpen}}</ref>
| area_km2 = 41865<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.waarstaatjeprovincie.nl/Paginas/Ruimtelijke%20ordening/Oppervlakte.aspx|title=Oppervlakte}}</ref><ref name="auto2-additional">{{Cite web|url=http://onderwerpen/caribische-deel-van-het-koninkrijk/vraag-en-antwoord/waaruit-bestaat-het-koninkrijk-der-nederlanden|title=Waaruit bestaat het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden? – Rijksoverheid.nl|first=Ministerie van Algemene|last=Zaken|date=19 May 2015|website=onderwerpen}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
| area_rank = 131st
| area_rank = 131st
| area_sq_mi =
| area_sq_mi =
| HDI_year = 2018<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year-->
| HDI_year = 2018<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year-->
| HDI_change = increase
| HDI_change = increase
| HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/2019-human-development-index-ranking|title=Human Development Report 2019|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=10 December 2019|accessdate=10 December 2019|format=PDF}}</ref>
| HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/2019-human-development-index-ranking|title=Human Development Report 2019|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=10 December 2019|accessdate=10 December 2019|format=PDF|archive-date=23 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523103905/http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/2019-human-development-index-ranking|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| HDI_rank = 10th
| HDI_rank = 10th
| currency = {{unbulleted list|[[Euro]] (€, EUR)|[[United States dollar|US dollar]] ($, USD){{efn|The euro is used in the European part of the Netherlands and replaced the [[Dutch guilder]] in 2002. The United States dollar is used in the [[Caribbean Netherlands]] and replaced the [[Netherlands Antillean guilder]] in 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0028551 |title=Wet geldstelsel BES |publisher=Dutch government |date=30 September 2010 |accessdate=11 January 2014 }}</ref>}}}}
| currency = {{unbulleted list|[[Euro]] (€, EUR)|[[United States dollar|US dollar]] ($, USD){{efn|The euro is used in the European part of the Netherlands and replaced the [[Dutch guilder]] in 2002. The United States dollar is used in the [[Caribbean Netherlands]] and replaced the [[Netherlands Antillean guilder]] in 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0028551 |title=Wet geldstelsel BES |publisher=Dutch government |date=30 September 2010 |accessdate=11 January 2014 }}</ref>}}}}
}}
}}
[[File:Netherlands-CIA WFB Map-10-10-10.png|thumb|350px|Map of the Netherlands]]
[[File:Netherlands-CIA WFB Map-10-10-10.png|thumb|350px|Map of the Netherlands]]
The '''Netherlands''' is a [[country]] that is part (of a [[constituent country]]) of the [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]]. Most of it is in [[Western Europe]], but there are also some parts in the [[Caribbean]]. More than 17 million people live there. To the north and west of the [[Europe]]an part of the Netherlands is the [[North Sea]], and to the east is [[Germany]] and to the south is [[Belgium]]. The Netherlands is one of the countries that started the [[European Union]]. People who live in the Netherlands are called "[[Dutch (people)|Dutch]]". The language of the Netherlands is also called [[Dutch language|Dutch]]. The official capital of the Netherlands is Amsterdam. However, the government is located in The Hague.
The '''Netherlands''' is a [[country]] that is part (of a [[constituent country]]) of the [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]]. Most of it is in [[Western Europe]], but there are also some parts in the [[Caribbean]]. More than 17 million people live there. To the north and west of the [[Europe]]an part of the Netherlands is the [[North Sea]], and to the east is [[Germany]] and to the south is [[Belgium]]. The Netherlands is one of the countries that started the [[European Union]]. People who live in the Netherlands are called "[[Dutch (people)|Dutch]]". The language of the Netherlands is also called [[Dutch language|Dutch]]. The official capital of the Netherlands is Amsterdam. However, the government is in The Hague.
== Name ==
== Name ==
When the Netherlands became independent, it was a very special country. That time almost all countries in [[Europe]] were ruled by a king, but the Netherlands was a [[republic]]. The Netherlands was made up of seven [[province]]s, that were ruled by the big cities. The cities were ruled by the municipality which consisted of rich civilians. Together those provinces were ruled by a [[stadtholder]], a very powerful man, but compared to the kings of other European countries he had much less power.
When the Netherlands became independent, it was a very special country. That time almost all countries in [[Europe]] were ruled by a king, but the Netherlands was a [[republic]]. The Netherlands was made up of seven [[province]]s, that were ruled by the big cities. The cities were ruled by the municipality which consisted of rich civilians. Together those provinces were ruled by a [[stadtholder]], a very powerful man, but compared to the kings of other European countries he had much less power.
In the [[17th century]] the Netherlands was the richest and one of the most powerful countries in the world. Therefore, the Dutch call the 17th century the [[Golden Age]]. Their [[Dutch Empire]] had possessions around the world. The most important possession were the [[East Indies]], a country that is now called [[Indonesia]]. The Dutch also founded [[New Netherland]], which is now called [[New York]]. The Netherlands often fought wars against other European countries, especially the [[Anglo-Dutch Wars]] against [[England]]. [[Michiel de Ruyter]], a Dutch [[admiral]], became a Dutch hero when he defeated the English navy close to London.
In the [[17th century]] the Netherlands was the richest and one of the most powerful countries in the world. Therefore, the Dutch call the 17th century the [[Golden Age]]. Their [[Dutch Empire]] had [[colony|colonies]] around the world. One important colony was the [[East Indies]], which is now called [[Indonesia]]. They also had colonies in the [[Caribbean]], like the other European empires. They also started [[New Netherland]], which is now called [[New York City|New York]]. The Netherlands often fought wars against other European countries, especially the [[Anglo-Dutch Wars]] against [[England]]. [[Michiel de Ruyter]], a Dutch [[admiral]], became a Dutch hero when he defeated the English navy close to London.
In the 18th century the Netherlands became poorer. Many people blamed this on the government leaders, the stadtholders. Many thought they had too much power and wanted them to get away. In 1789 the French people [[French Revolution|deposed]] (got rid of) their king. French armies attacked other countries to depose their leaders too. In 1795 they attacked the Netherlands. Stadtholder [[Stadtholder William V of the Netherlands|William V]] had to flee to England. The Netherlands were renamed to [[Batavian Republic]] and became a [[democracy]]. But the French were not content (satisfied) with the Dutch ruler, so in 1806 the French [[emperor]] [[Napoleon]] made his brother [[Louis Bonaparte]] king of the Netherlands. Louis became popular in the Netherlands, but the emperor was again not content with him, so in 1810 the Netherlands became a part of France.
In the 18th century the Netherlands became poorer. Many people blamed this on the government leaders, the stadtholders. Many thought they had too much power and wanted them to get away. In 1789 the French people [[French Revolution|deposed]] (got rid of) their king. French armies attacked other countries to depose their leaders too. In 1795 they attacked the Netherlands. Stadtholder [[Stadtholder William V of the Netherlands|William V]] had to flee to England. The Netherlands were renamed to [[Batavian Republic]] and became a [[democracy]]. But the French were not content (satisfied) with the Dutch ruler, so in 1806 the French [[emperor]] [[Napoleon]] made his brother [[Louis Bonaparte]] king of the Netherlands. Louis became popular in the Netherlands, but the emperor was again not content with him, so in 1810 the Netherlands became a part of France.
== Politics ==
== Politics ==
The Netherlands is a [[constitutional monarchy]]. That means the country has a king, but the real power is in the hands of a [[parliament]], chosen by the Dutch people. All Dutch people at least 18 years old or older are allowed to vote. The Dutch parliament consists of two chambers: the [[Second Chamber (Netherlands)|Second Chamber]] (Dutch: ''Tweede Kamer'', this is the House of Representatives, elected every four years), and the [[First Chamber (Netherlands)|First Chamber]] (Dutch: ''Eerste Kamer'', this is the Senate, elected by provincial politicians every four years). After the Second Chamber elections, parties that have had a majority of the votes create a [[cabinet]]. The cabinet consists of a [[prime minister]] and several other ministers and deputy ministers. Current government is the [[Third Rutte cabinet]], consisting of [[VVD]], [[CDA]], [[D66]] and [[CU]] politicians. Prime Minister is [[Mark Rutte]] (VVD).
The Netherlands is a [[constitutional monarchy]]. That means the country has a king, but the real power is in the hands of a [[parliament]], chosen by the Dutch people. All Dutch people at least 18 years old or older are allowed to vote. The Dutch parliament consists of two chambers: the [[Second Chamber (Netherlands)|Second Chamber]] (Dutch: ''Tweede Kamer'', this is the House of Representatives, elected every four years), and the [[First Chamber (Netherlands)|First Chamber]] (Dutch: ''Eerste Kamer'', this is the Senate, elected by provincial politicians every four years). After the Second Chamber elections, parties that have had a majority of the votes create a [[cabinet]]. The cabinet consists of a [[prime minister]] and several other ministers and deputy ministers. Current government is the liberal-Christian democratic [[Third Rutte cabinet]], consisting of [[VVD]], [[CDA]], [[D66]] and [[CU]] politicians. Prime Minister is [[Mark Rutte]] (VVD).
The latest general elections were held on March 15, 2017. The coalition party PvdA (Labour) lost dramatically, and the other coalition party VVD (Conservative-liberals) also lost but remained the largest party in parliament. Most opposition parties won seats, especially the green party [[GreenLeft]] won considerably. Populist party [[PVV]] of [[Geert Wilders]] also won seats, but not the amount expected. They became the second largest party.
The latest general elections were held on [[2021 Dutch general election|March 17, 2021]]. Winners were liberal parties like [[VVD]] (also the biggest party), [[D66]] (second biggest party) and [[Volt Netherlands|Volt]], and populist parties like [[FVD]] and [[JA21]]. Losers were left parties like [[SP]] and [[GL]], Christian democratic party [[CDA]], populist party [[PVV]], and senior citizen party [[50+]].
The Netherlands is known for [[Toleration|tolerance]] in politics. The Netherlands is the only country where [[soft drugs]] are not entirely considered illegal. Furthermore, the Netherlands is one of the few countries that allow [[same-sex marriage]]s, [[euthanasia]] and [[prostitution]] to a certain extent.
The Netherlands is known for [[Toleration|tolerance]] in politics. The Netherlands is the only country where [[soft drugs]] are not entirely considered illegal. Furthermore, the Netherlands is one of the few countries that allow [[same-sex marriage]]s, [[euthanasia]] and [[prostitution]] to a certain extent.
| [[File:Flag North-Holland, Netherlands.svg|27px]] || [[North Holland]]<br/ >''(Noord-Holland)'' || [[Haarlem]] || [[Amsterdam]] || style="text-align:right"|2,671|| style="text-align:right"|2,613,070|| style="text-align:right"|978
| [[File:Flag North-Holland, Netherlands.svg|27px]] || [[North Holland]]<br/ >''(Noord-Holland)'' || [[Haarlem]] || [[Amsterdam]] || style="text-align:right"|2,671|| style="text-align:right"|2,613,070|| style="text-align:right"|978
|-
|-
| [[File:Flag Overijssel.svg|27px]] || [[Overijssel]] || [[Zwolle, Overijssel|Zwolle]] || [[Enschede]] || style="text-align:right"|3,325|| style="text-align:right"|1,116,374|| style="text-align:right"|336
| [[File:Flag Overijssel.svg|27px]] || [[Overijssel]] || [[Zwolle, Netherlands|Zwolle]] || [[Enschede]] || style="text-align:right"|3,325|| style="text-align:right"|1,116,374|| style="text-align:right"|336
|-
|-
| [[File:Utrecht (province)-Flag.svg|27px]] || [[Utrecht (province)|Utrecht]] || [[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]] || [[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]] || style="text-align:right"|1,385|| style="text-align:right"|1,190,604|| style="text-align:right"|860
| [[File:Utrecht (province)-Flag.svg|27px]] || [[Utrecht (province)|Utrecht]] || [[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]] || [[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]] || style="text-align:right"|1,385|| style="text-align:right"|1,190,604|| style="text-align:right"|860
|-
|-
| [[File:Flag of Zeeland.svg|27px]] || [[Zeeland|Zealand]]<br/ >''(Zeeland)'' || [[Middelburg, Zeeland|Middelburg]] || [[Middelburg, Zeeland|Middelburg]] || style="text-align:right"|1,787|| style="text-align:right"|380,497|| style="text-align:right"|213
| [[File:Flag of Zeeland.svg|27px]] || [[Zeeland|Zealand]]<br/ >''(Zeeland)'' || [[Middelburg, Netherlands|Middelburg]] || [[Middelburg, Netherlands|Middelburg]] || style="text-align:right"|1,787|| style="text-align:right"|380,497|| style="text-align:right"|213
|-
|-
| [[File:Flag Zuid-Holland.svg|27px]] || [[South Holland]]<br/ >''(Zuid Holland)'' || [[The Hague]]<br />''(Den Haag)'' || [[Rotterdam]] || style="text-align:right"|2,814|| style="text-align:right"|3,455,097|| style="text-align:right"|1228
| [[File:Flag Zuid-Holland.svg|27px]] || [[South Holland]]<br/ >''(Zuid Holland)'' || [[The Hague]]<br />''(Den Haag)'' || [[Rotterdam]] || style="text-align:right"|2,814|| style="text-align:right"|3,455,097|| style="text-align:right"|1228
{{Main|List of municipalities of the Netherlands}}
{{Main|List of municipalities of the Netherlands}}
The Netherlands has 355 municipalities (2020) and also three special municipalities in the so-called [[Caribbean Netherlands]].
The Netherlands has 352 municipalities (2021) and also three special municipalities in the so-called [[Caribbean Netherlands]].
Almost every year the amount of municipalities decrease.
Almost every year the amount of municipalities decrease.
|17||[[Zoetermeer]]||118,020||{{flag|South Holland}}
|17||[[Zoetermeer]]||118,020||{{flag|South Holland}}
|-
|-
|18||[[Zwolle, Overijssel|Zwolle]]||118,000||{{flag|Overijssel}}||<small>''excl. Brinkhoek, Haerst, Herfte, Langenholte, Wijthmen and Windesheim''</small>
|18||[[Zwolle, Netherlands|Zwolle]]||118,000||{{flag|Overijssel}}||<small>''excl. Brinkhoek, Haerst, Herfte, Langenholte, Wijthmen and Windesheim''</small>
|-
|-
|19||[[Leiden]]||117,480||{{flag|South Holland}}
|19||[[Leiden]]||117,480||{{flag|South Holland}}
{{European Union}}
{{European Union}}
{{North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)}}
{{North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)}}
{{authority control}}
{{Commons}}
{{Commons}}
{{Wikivoyage}}
{{Wikivoyage}}