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Turkish Airlines Flight 981 (view source)
Revision as of 15:34, 29 December 2021
, 15:34, 29 December 2021KS update 1.2
[[File:McDonnell Douglas DC-10-10, Turkish Airlines AN1815013.jpg|thumb|right|300px|The plane involved in the crash about 10 months before the crash.]]
'''Turkish Airlines Flight 981''' was a regular flight operated by [[Turkish Airlines]], from [[Istanbul]] to [[London Heathrow]], with an extra stop in [[Paris]]. The [[aircraft]] was a [[McDonnell Douglas DC-10]].<ref name=ASN>{{cite web |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19740303-1 |title=Accident description |publisher=Aviation Safety Network (ASN) |access-date=December 13, 2016}}</ref> On March 3, 1974, the [[Fixed-wing aircraft|airplane]] [[wikt:crash|crash]]ed into the [[Ermenonville Forest]], shortly after it had left Paris.<ref name=ASN/> All 346 people on board were killed in the [[accident]].<ref name=HIST>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/faulty-door-dooms-plane |title=1974 Faulty door dooms plane |website=This Day in History |publisher=A&E Television Networks, LLC |access-date=December 13, 2016}}</ref> An [[wikt:investigation|investigation]] after the crash found out that one of the cargo doors at the rear of the aircraft was not properly closed and secured.<ref name=HIST/> After takeoff, part of the door broke off and caused an [[explosion]] in the rear of the aircraft.<ref name=pilotfriend>{{cite web |url=http://www.pilotfriend.com/disasters/crash/turkish981.htm |title=Turkish 981 |publisher=PilotFriend |access-date=December 13, 2016}}</ref> The explosion also damaged cables needed to fly the aircraft.<ref name=pilotfriend/> This meant that after the explosion, the aircraft could not be completely controlled.<ref name=pilotfriend/>
== Earlier problem ==
[[File:McDonnell Douglas DC-10-10, American Airlines AN1021178.jpg|thumb|right|200px|An American Airlines DC-10 plane similar to the one that was affected [[American Airlines Flight 96]].]]
An American Airlines DC-10, flying as [[American Airlines Flight 96]], had experienced the same problem about two years earlier.<ref name=pilotfriend/> At that time, the crew had managed to land the plane safely. On the ground it was discovered the rear cargo door had opened in flight. This caused damage to the [[fuselage]] but not the explosive damage in the case of Turkish 981. The two planes were also configured differently above the baggage compartment. There were three rows of seats added to Turkish 981 which added a greater [[load]] to the floor. When the cargo door blew out, the additional seats and passengers were ejected from the plane before the crash. Both planes experienced [[uncontrolled decompression]] when the cargo door latches failed. But Turkish 981 had additional damage to the plane that may have made it uncontrollable in flight.
An [[Airworthiness Directive]] was immediately issued by the [[Federal Aviation Administration]] (FFA).<ref name=pilotfriend/> It called for [[wikt:strengthen|strengthen]]ing the load floor and control cables.<ref name=pilotfriend/> It also required improving the [[electrical wiring]] having to do with the cargo door.<ref name=pilotfriend/>
== The crash ==
[[File:Dc10-ta3a.png|thumb|left|250px|A [[Computer-generated imagery|CGI]] rendering of Turkish Airlines Flight 981, moments after failure of the cargo hatch, just before it crashed.]]
After [[takeoff]] the plane reached an altitude of {{convert|11000|ft}} when the rear hatch cover blew off.<ref name=HIST/> The flight was over [[Coulommiers, France]] at the time.<ref name=HIST/> A rapid decompression caused the last two rows of seats to be [[wikt:suck|suck]]ed through a large hole in the plane.<ref name=HIST/> There were six passengers in the seats who were killed when they fell into a field in St. Pathus.<ref name=HIST/> The plane remained in the air another 90 seconds while the pilots tried to regain control.<ref name=HIST/> It hit the ground at about {{convert|500|mph}} killing the remaining 340 people [[wikt:onboard|onboard]].<ref name=HIST/> The plane almost completely [[wikt:disintegrate|disintegrate]]d leaving only 40 bodies that were [[wikt:intact|intact]].<ref name=HIST/>
==Passengers and Crew==
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="float:right;font-size:75%"
|-bgcolor=ccccff
!colspan=4|Final tally of passenger nationalities
|-
!rowspan=1|Nationality||colspan=1|Passengers||colspan=1|Crew||colspan=1|Total
|-bgcolor=ccccff
|-valign=top
|{{ARG}}||3||0||3
|-valign=top
|{{AUS}}||2||0||2
|-valign=top
|{{AUT}}||7||0||7
|-valign=top
|{{BEL}}||1||0||1
|-valign=top
|{{Flag|Brazil|1968}}||5||0||5
|-valign=top
|{{CAN}}||4||0||4
|-valign=top
|{{CHN}}||6||0||6
|-valign=top
|{{Flag|Cyprus|1960}}||1||0||1
|-valign=top
|{{FRA}}||16||3||19
|-valign=top
|{{flag|West Germany}}||1||0||1
|-valign=top
|{{GRE}}||1||0||1
|-valign=top
|{{Flag|Hong Kong|1959}}||5||0||5
|-valign=top
|{{HUN}}||2||0||2
|-valign=top
|{{IND}}||2||0||2
|-valign=top
|{{INA}}||1||0||1
|-valign=top
|{{IRN}}||1||0||1
|-valign=top
|{{IRL}}||1||0||1
|-valign=top
|{{ISR}}||1||0||1
|-valign=top
|{{ITA}}||10||0||10
|-valign=top
|{{JPN}}||48||0||48
|-valign=top
|{{MAS}}||1||0||1
|-valign=top
|{{MEX}}||2||0||2
|-valign=top
|{{MAR}}||1||0||1
|-valign=top
|{{NED}}||1||0||1
|-valign=top
|{{NZL}}||1||0||1
|-valign=top
|{{PAK}}||1||0||1
|-valign=top
|{{PHL}}||2||0||2
|-valign=top
|{{POL}}||1||0||1
|-valign=top
|{{POR}}||3||0||3
|-valign=top
|{{SEN}}||1||0||1
|-valign=top
|{{SIN}}||2||0||2
|-valign=top
||{{flag|South Africa|1928}}||1||0||1
|-valign=top
|{{KOR}}||2||0||2
|-valign=top
|{{flag|Spain|1945}}||1||0||1
|-valign=top
|{{SWE}}||1||0||1
|-valign=top
|{{SWI}}||1||0||1
|-valign=top
|{{TWN}}||3||0||3
|-valign=top
|{{THA}}||9||0||9
|-valign=top
|{{TUR}}||44||4||48
|-valign=top
|{{GBR}}||177||4||181
|-valign=top
|{{USA}}||25||0||25
|-valign=top
|{{flag|South Vietnam}}||1||0||1
|-valign=top
|{{YUG}}||3||0||3
|-valign=top
!'''Total'''!!'''335'''!!'''11'''!!'''346'''
|}
Of the 346 people on-board, 177 passengers and four crew members came from the United Kingdom, 48 came from Japan, 44 passengers and four crew members came from Turkey, 25 came from the United States, 16 passengers and three crew members came from France, 10 were from Italy, nine from Thailand, seven from Austria, six from China, five each from Hong Kong and Brazil, four from Canada, three each from Argentina, Portugal, Taiwan, and Yugoslavia, two each from Australia, Hungary, India, Mexico, the Philippines, South Korea, Singapore, and one each from Belgium, Cyprus, West Germany, Greece, Iran, Israel, Ireland, Morocco, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Pakistan, Portugal, Senegal, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and South Vietnam.
The [[Captain|pilot in command]] was Nejat Berkoz age 44, a former [[Turkish Air Force]] pilot and had a total of 7,783 flight hours, and has been with Turkish Airlines for six years He also flown the [[Fokker F27]] and the [[McDonnell Douglas DC-9]].
The First Officer was Oral Ulusman age 38, he has been with Turkish Airlines for five years. And had a total of 5,589 flight hours.
The Flight Engineer was Erhan Lakes age 37, he has had 2,113 flight hours.
The cabin consisted of eight [[flight attendants]].
== References ==
{{reflist}}
== Other websites ==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8qZTBSTtB_g Plane Crash Turkish Airlines flight 981 Dc 10; YouTube]
[[Category:1974 in Europe]]
<!--[[Category:1970s in France]]-->
[[Category:20th century in France]]
[[Category:Aviation disasters in Europe]]
[[Category:Aviation disasters in the 1970s]]
<!--[[Category:Disasters in France]]-->
[[Category:Hauts-de-France]]
[[Category:March events]]
'''Turkish Airlines Flight 981''' was a regular flight operated by [[Turkish Airlines]], from [[Istanbul]] to [[London Heathrow]], with an extra stop in [[Paris]]. The [[aircraft]] was a [[McDonnell Douglas DC-10]].<ref name=ASN>{{cite web |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19740303-1 |title=Accident description |publisher=Aviation Safety Network (ASN) |access-date=December 13, 2016}}</ref> On March 3, 1974, the [[Fixed-wing aircraft|airplane]] [[wikt:crash|crash]]ed into the [[Ermenonville Forest]], shortly after it had left Paris.<ref name=ASN/> All 346 people on board were killed in the [[accident]].<ref name=HIST>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/faulty-door-dooms-plane |title=1974 Faulty door dooms plane |website=This Day in History |publisher=A&E Television Networks, LLC |access-date=December 13, 2016}}</ref> An [[wikt:investigation|investigation]] after the crash found out that one of the cargo doors at the rear of the aircraft was not properly closed and secured.<ref name=HIST/> After takeoff, part of the door broke off and caused an [[explosion]] in the rear of the aircraft.<ref name=pilotfriend>{{cite web |url=http://www.pilotfriend.com/disasters/crash/turkish981.htm |title=Turkish 981 |publisher=PilotFriend |access-date=December 13, 2016}}</ref> The explosion also damaged cables needed to fly the aircraft.<ref name=pilotfriend/> This meant that after the explosion, the aircraft could not be completely controlled.<ref name=pilotfriend/>
== Earlier problem ==
[[File:McDonnell Douglas DC-10-10, American Airlines AN1021178.jpg|thumb|right|200px|An American Airlines DC-10 plane similar to the one that was affected [[American Airlines Flight 96]].]]
An American Airlines DC-10, flying as [[American Airlines Flight 96]], had experienced the same problem about two years earlier.<ref name=pilotfriend/> At that time, the crew had managed to land the plane safely. On the ground it was discovered the rear cargo door had opened in flight. This caused damage to the [[fuselage]] but not the explosive damage in the case of Turkish 981. The two planes were also configured differently above the baggage compartment. There were three rows of seats added to Turkish 981 which added a greater [[load]] to the floor. When the cargo door blew out, the additional seats and passengers were ejected from the plane before the crash. Both planes experienced [[uncontrolled decompression]] when the cargo door latches failed. But Turkish 981 had additional damage to the plane that may have made it uncontrollable in flight.
An [[Airworthiness Directive]] was immediately issued by the [[Federal Aviation Administration]] (FFA).<ref name=pilotfriend/> It called for [[wikt:strengthen|strengthen]]ing the load floor and control cables.<ref name=pilotfriend/> It also required improving the [[electrical wiring]] having to do with the cargo door.<ref name=pilotfriend/>
== The crash ==
[[File:Dc10-ta3a.png|thumb|left|250px|A [[Computer-generated imagery|CGI]] rendering of Turkish Airlines Flight 981, moments after failure of the cargo hatch, just before it crashed.]]
After [[takeoff]] the plane reached an altitude of {{convert|11000|ft}} when the rear hatch cover blew off.<ref name=HIST/> The flight was over [[Coulommiers, France]] at the time.<ref name=HIST/> A rapid decompression caused the last two rows of seats to be [[wikt:suck|suck]]ed through a large hole in the plane.<ref name=HIST/> There were six passengers in the seats who were killed when they fell into a field in St. Pathus.<ref name=HIST/> The plane remained in the air another 90 seconds while the pilots tried to regain control.<ref name=HIST/> It hit the ground at about {{convert|500|mph}} killing the remaining 340 people [[wikt:onboard|onboard]].<ref name=HIST/> The plane almost completely [[wikt:disintegrate|disintegrate]]d leaving only 40 bodies that were [[wikt:intact|intact]].<ref name=HIST/>
==Passengers and Crew==
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="float:right;font-size:75%"
|-bgcolor=ccccff
!colspan=4|Final tally of passenger nationalities
|-
!rowspan=1|Nationality||colspan=1|Passengers||colspan=1|Crew||colspan=1|Total
|-bgcolor=ccccff
|-valign=top
|{{ARG}}||3||0||3
|-valign=top
|{{AUS}}||2||0||2
|-valign=top
|{{AUT}}||7||0||7
|-valign=top
|{{BEL}}||1||0||1
|-valign=top
|{{Flag|Brazil|1968}}||5||0||5
|-valign=top
|{{CAN}}||4||0||4
|-valign=top
|{{CHN}}||6||0||6
|-valign=top
|{{Flag|Cyprus|1960}}||1||0||1
|-valign=top
|{{FRA}}||16||3||19
|-valign=top
|{{flag|West Germany}}||1||0||1
|-valign=top
|{{GRE}}||1||0||1
|-valign=top
|{{Flag|Hong Kong|1959}}||5||0||5
|-valign=top
|{{HUN}}||2||0||2
|-valign=top
|{{IND}}||2||0||2
|-valign=top
|{{INA}}||1||0||1
|-valign=top
|{{IRN}}||1||0||1
|-valign=top
|{{IRL}}||1||0||1
|-valign=top
|{{ISR}}||1||0||1
|-valign=top
|{{ITA}}||10||0||10
|-valign=top
|{{JPN}}||48||0||48
|-valign=top
|{{MAS}}||1||0||1
|-valign=top
|{{MEX}}||2||0||2
|-valign=top
|{{MAR}}||1||0||1
|-valign=top
|{{NED}}||1||0||1
|-valign=top
|{{NZL}}||1||0||1
|-valign=top
|{{PAK}}||1||0||1
|-valign=top
|{{PHL}}||2||0||2
|-valign=top
|{{POL}}||1||0||1
|-valign=top
|{{POR}}||3||0||3
|-valign=top
|{{SEN}}||1||0||1
|-valign=top
|{{SIN}}||2||0||2
|-valign=top
||{{flag|South Africa|1928}}||1||0||1
|-valign=top
|{{KOR}}||2||0||2
|-valign=top
|{{flag|Spain|1945}}||1||0||1
|-valign=top
|{{SWE}}||1||0||1
|-valign=top
|{{SWI}}||1||0||1
|-valign=top
|{{TWN}}||3||0||3
|-valign=top
|{{THA}}||9||0||9
|-valign=top
|{{TUR}}||44||4||48
|-valign=top
|{{GBR}}||177||4||181
|-valign=top
|{{USA}}||25||0||25
|-valign=top
|{{flag|South Vietnam}}||1||0||1
|-valign=top
|{{YUG}}||3||0||3
|-valign=top
!'''Total'''!!'''335'''!!'''11'''!!'''346'''
|}
Of the 346 people on-board, 177 passengers and four crew members came from the United Kingdom, 48 came from Japan, 44 passengers and four crew members came from Turkey, 25 came from the United States, 16 passengers and three crew members came from France, 10 were from Italy, nine from Thailand, seven from Austria, six from China, five each from Hong Kong and Brazil, four from Canada, three each from Argentina, Portugal, Taiwan, and Yugoslavia, two each from Australia, Hungary, India, Mexico, the Philippines, South Korea, Singapore, and one each from Belgium, Cyprus, West Germany, Greece, Iran, Israel, Ireland, Morocco, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Pakistan, Portugal, Senegal, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and South Vietnam.
The [[Captain|pilot in command]] was Nejat Berkoz age 44, a former [[Turkish Air Force]] pilot and had a total of 7,783 flight hours, and has been with Turkish Airlines for six years He also flown the [[Fokker F27]] and the [[McDonnell Douglas DC-9]].
The First Officer was Oral Ulusman age 38, he has been with Turkish Airlines for five years. And had a total of 5,589 flight hours.
The Flight Engineer was Erhan Lakes age 37, he has had 2,113 flight hours.
The cabin consisted of eight [[flight attendants]].
== References ==
{{reflist}}
== Other websites ==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8qZTBSTtB_g Plane Crash Turkish Airlines flight 981 Dc 10; YouTube]
[[Category:1974 in Europe]]
<!--[[Category:1970s in France]]-->
[[Category:20th century in France]]
[[Category:Aviation disasters in Europe]]
[[Category:Aviation disasters in the 1970s]]
<!--[[Category:Disasters in France]]-->
[[Category:Hauts-de-France]]
[[Category:March events]]