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|year=1989

|year=1989

|page=163

|page=163

|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UWJStTs8-A4C&dq=lincoln+canoe+sangamon+river&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0}}

|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UWJStTs8-A4C&q=lincoln+canoe+sangamon+river}}

</ref>

</ref>

Later, he said that he had gone to [[school]] for just one year, but that was enough to learn how to [[read]], [[write]], and do simple [[mathematics|math]]. In 1842, he married [[Mary Todd Lincoln|Mary Todd]]. They had four children, but three of them died when they were very young.<ref name="teamofrivals">

Later, he said that he had gone to [[school]] for just one year, but that was enough to learn how to [[read]], [[write]], and do simple [[mathematics|math]]. In 1842, he married [[Mary Todd Lincoln|Mary Todd]]. They had four children, but three of them died when they were very young.<ref name="teamofrivals">

Lincoln started his political career in 1832 when he ran for the IGA [[Illinois General Assembly]], but he lost the election. He served as a captain in the Illinois [[militia]] during the [[Black Hawk War]], a war with [[Native American]] tribes. When he moved to [[Springfield, Illinois|Springfield]] in 1837, he began to work as a [[lawyer]]. Soon, he became one of the most highly respected lawyers in Illinois.<ref>

Lincoln started his political career in 1832 when he ran for the IGA [[Illinois General Assembly]], but he lost the election. He served as a captain in the Illinois [[militia]] during the [[Black Hawk War]], a war with [[Native American]] tribes. When he moved to [[Springfield, Illinois|Springfield]] in 1837, he began to work as a [[lawyer]]. Soon, he became one of the most highly respected lawyers in Illinois.<ref>

{{cite book |last=Frank |first=John |title=Lincoln as a Lawyer |publisher=Americana House |year=1991 |isbn=0962529028}}

{{cite book |last=Frank |first=John |title=Lincoln as a Lawyer |publisher=Americana House |year=1991 |isbn=0962529028}}

</ref><ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.quotablelincoln.com/lincoln2_books.php|publisher=Quotable Lincoln|title=Biography of Lincoln|accessdate=August 28, 2009|archive-date=January 4, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100104195713/http://www.quotablelincoln.com/lincoln2_books.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>

</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.quotablelincoln.com/lincoln2_books.php|publisher=Quotable Lincoln|title=Biography of Lincoln|accessdate=August 28, 2009|archive-date=January 4, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100104195713/http://www.quotablelincoln.com/lincoln2_books.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 1837, as a member of the Illinois General Assembly, Lincoln issued a written protest of its passage of a resolution stating that slavery could not be abolished in Washington, D.C.<ref>

In 1837, as a member of the Illinois General Assembly, Lincoln issued a written protest of its passage of a resolution stating that slavery could not be abolished in Washington, D.C.<ref>

{{cite web |url=http://www.nps.gov/liho/historyculture/slavery.htm |title=Lincoln on Slavery |accessdate= November 15, 2009}}

{{cite web |url=http://www.nps.gov/liho/historyculture/slavery.htm |title=Lincoln on Slavery |accessdate= November 15, 2009}}

|publisher=Harcourt Brace Jovanovich

|publisher=Harcourt Brace Jovanovich

|year=1981

|year=1981

|pages=340—342}}

|pages=340–342}}

</ref>  Lincoln's family was poor, which added to the Republican position of [[free labor]], the opposite of slave labor. Lincoln won the election in 1860 and was made the 16th President of the United States.  He won with almost no votes in the South. For the first time, a president had won the election because of the large support he got from the states in the North.<ref name="nationalexperience" /> During his presidency Lincoln became well-known because of his large stovepipe hat. He used his tall hat to store papers and documents when he was traveling.<ref>[http://www.epinions.com/review/Abe_Lincoln_s_Hat__Step_into_Reading_Books_Series_A_Step_2_Book_by_Martha_Brenner_Books/content_347421773444?sb=1 Abe Lincoln's Hat Step into Reading Books Series A Step 2 Book by Martha Brenner Books] at epinions.com</ref>

</ref>  Lincoln's family was poor, which added to the Republican position of [[free labor]], the opposite of slave labor. Lincoln won the election in 1860 and was made the 16th President of the United States.  He won with almost no votes in the South. For the first time, a president had won the election because of the large support he got from the states in the North.<ref name="nationalexperience" /> During his presidency Lincoln became well-known because of his large stovepipe hat. He used his tall hat to store papers and documents when he was traveling.<ref>[http://www.epinions.com/review/Abe_Lincoln_s_Hat__Step_into_Reading_Books_Series_A_Step_2_Book_by_Martha_Brenner_Books/content_347421773444?sb=1 Abe Lincoln's Hat Step into Reading Books Series A Step 2 Book by Martha Brenner Books] at epinions.com</ref>

=== Emancipation Proclamation ===

=== Emancipation Proclamation ===

With the [[Emancipation Proclamation]] begun on January 1, 1863, Lincoln ordered the freedom of all slaves in those states still in rebellion during the American Civil War. It did not actually immediately free all those slaves however, since those areas were still controlled by the rebelling states of the [[Confederacy]]. Only a small number of slaves already behind Union lines were immediately freed. As the [[Union army]] advanced, nearly all four million slaves were effectively freed. Some former slaves joined the Union army after 1862.

With the [[Emancipation Proclamation]] begun on January 1, 1863, Lincoln ordered the freedom of all slaves in those states still in rebellion during the American Civil War. It did not actually immediately free all those slaves however, since those areas were still controlled by the rebelling states of the [[Confederacy]]. Only a small number of slaves already behind Union lines were immediately freed. As the [[Union army]] advanced, nearly all four million slaves were effectively freed. Some former slaves joined the Union army after 1862.

The Proclamation also did not free slaves in the slave states that had remained loyal to the Union (the federal government of the US). Neither did it apply to areas where Union forces had already regained control, as in [[Tennessee]].<ref name=yale>{{citeweb |url= http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1985/5/85.05.03.x.html |title=Lincoln |accessdate= August 22, 2009 |publisher= Yale University}}</ref> Until the [[Thirteenth Amendment]] to the U.S. Constitution in 1865, only the states had power to end slavery within their own borders, so Lincoln issued the proclamation as a war measure.

The Proclamation also did not free slaves in the slave states that had remained loyal to the Union (the federal government of the US). Neither did it apply to areas where Union forces had already regained control, as in [[Tennessee]].<ref name=yale>{{cite web |url= http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1985/5/85.05.03.x.html |title=Lincoln |accessdate= August 22, 2009 |publisher= Yale University}}</ref> Until the [[Thirteenth Amendment]] to the U.S. Constitution in 1865, only the states had power to end slavery within their own borders, so Lincoln issued the proclamation as a war measure.

The Proclamation made freeing the slaves a Union goal for the war, and put an end to movements in European nations (especially in [[Great Britain]] and [[France]]) that would have recognized the Confederacy as an independent nation.  Lincoln then sponsored a constitutional amendment to free all slaves. The [[Thirteenth Amendment]], making slavery illegal everywhere in the United States, was passed late in 1865, eight months after Lincoln was assassinated.

The Proclamation made freeing the slaves a Union goal for the war, and put an end to movements in European nations (especially in [[Great Britain]] and [[France]]) that would have recognized the Confederacy as an independent nation.  Lincoln then sponsored a constitutional amendment to free all slaves. The [[Thirteenth Amendment]], making slavery illegal everywhere in the United States, was passed late in 1865, eight months after Lincoln was assassinated.

During the day on April 14, 1865, Lincoln signed the law that created the secret service, the US President's security force. On the evening of April 14, Lincoln went to attend a play with his wife, Mary Todd at Ford's Theater in [[Washington, D.C.]]. He had invited Ulysses S. Grant to attend the play with him and his wife Mary Todd, and Grant planned to attend. As a general, Grant would have brought his own extra military security force, but he did not attend the play because his wife Julia and Mary Todd did not get along well.

During the day on April 14, 1865, Lincoln signed the law that created the secret service, the US President's security force. On the evening of April 14, Lincoln went to attend a play with his wife, Mary Todd at Ford's Theater in [[Washington, D.C.]]. He had invited Ulysses S. Grant to attend the play with him and his wife Mary Todd, and Grant planned to attend. As a general, Grant would have brought his own extra military security force, but he did not attend the play because his wife Julia and Mary Todd did not get along well.

During the third act of the play, [[John Wilkes Booth]], a well-known actor and a Confederate spy from Maryland, entered the presidential box and shot Lincoln at [[point-blank range]],<ref>Swanson, James. ''Manhunt: The 12-Day Chase for Lincoln's Killer''. Harper Collins, 2006. pp. 42–3. {{ISBN|978-0-06-051849-3}}</ref> mortally wounding him and shouted "''Sic semper tyrannis''" ("Thus always to tyrants"). An unconscious Lincoln was carried across the street to [[Petersen House]]. He was placed diagonally on the bed because his tall frame would not fit normally on the smaller bed.<ref>Steers, Edward. ''Blood on the Moon: The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln''. University Press of Kentucky, 2001. p.&nbsp;123–24. {{ISBN|978-0-8131-9151-5}}</ref> He remained in a [[coma]] for nine hours before dying the next morning.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.history.co.uk/biographies/abraham-lincoln|title=Abraham Lincoln|work=History|publisher=AETN UK|accessdate=February 16, 2014}}</ref> According to some accounts, at his last drawn breath, on the morning after the assassination, he smiled broadly and then expired.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Fox|first1=Richard|title=Lincoln's Body: A Cultural History|url=https://archive.org/details/lincolnsbodycult0000foxr|date=2015|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|isbn=0393247244}}</ref> Lincoln was the first American president to be [[wikt:assassinate|assassinated]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Manhunt: The 12-Day Chase for Lincoln's Killer|last=Swanson|first=James|year=2006|publisher=Harper Collins|isbn=9780060518493}}</ref>

During the third act of the play, [[John Wilkes Booth]], a well-known actor and a Confederate spy from Maryland, entered the presidential box and shot Lincoln at [[point-blank range]],<ref>Swanson, James. ''Manhunt: The 12-Day Chase for Lincoln's Killer''. Harper Collins, 2006. pp. 42–3. {{ISBN|978-0-06-051849-3}}</ref> mortally wounding him and shouted "''Sic semper tyrannis''" ("Thus always to tyrants"). An unconscious Lincoln was carried across the street to [[Petersen House]]. He was placed diagonally on the bed because his tall frame would not fit normally on the smaller bed.<ref>Steers, Edward. ''Blood on the Moon: The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln''. University Press of Kentucky, 2001. p.&nbsp;123–24. {{ISBN|978-0-8131-9151-5}}</ref> He remained in a [[coma]] for nine hours before dying the next morning.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.history.co.uk/biographies/abraham-lincoln|title=Abraham Lincoln|work=History|publisher=AETN UK|accessdate=February 16, 2014}}</ref> According to some accounts, at his last drawn breath, on the morning after the assassination, he smiled broadly and then expired.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Fox|first1=Richard|title=Lincoln's Body: A Cultural History|url=https://archive.org/details/lincolnsbodycult0000foxr|date=2015|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|isbn=978-0393247244}}</ref> Lincoln was the first American president to be [[wikt:assassinate|assassinated]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Manhunt: The 12-Day Chase for Lincoln's Killer|last=Swanson|first=James|year=2006|publisher=Harper Collins|isbn=9780060518493}}</ref>

Booth escaped but died from shots fired during his capture on April 26.

Booth escaped but died from shots fired during his capture on April 26.