Changes

Netherlands (view source)

Revision as of 23:10, 2 September 2023

1,969 bytes added , 23:10, 2 September 2023

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KS update 1.3

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| conventional_long_name = Netherlands

| native_name = {{native name|nl|Nederland}}

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| image_flag = Flag of the Netherlands.svg

| image_coat = State coat of arms of the Netherlands.svg

| coa_size = 110

| national_motto = {{native name|fr|"[[Je maintiendrai]]"|nolink=on}} "I will maintain"

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| national_anthem = {{native name|nl|"[[Wilhelmus|Wilhelmus van Nassouwe]]"|nolink=on}} "William of Nassau"{{brk|2}}{{center|[[File:United States Navy Band - Het Wilhelmus.ogg|Het Wilhelmus]]}}

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| national_anthem = {{native name|nl|"[[Wilhelmus|Wilhelmus van Nassouwe]]"|nolink=on}} "William of Nassau"{{brk|2}}{{center|[[File:United States Navy Band - Het Wilhelmus (tempo corrected).ogg|Het Wilhelmus]]}}

| image_map = EU-Netherlands.svg

| map_caption = {{map caption |countryprefix=the European part of the |location_color=dark green |region=[[Europe]] | region_color=dark grey |subregion=the [[European Union]] | subregion_color=green}}

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| official_languages = [[Dutch language|Dutch]]

| languages_type = Co-official languages

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| languages = {{unbulleted list|[[English language|English]]|[[Papiamentu]]|[[West Frisian language|West Frisian]]}}

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| languages = {{unbulleted list|[[English language|English]]|[[Papiamentu]]|[[West Frisian language|West Frisian]]}}

| languages2_type = {{nobold|Recognized regional languages}}

| languages2 = {{unbulleted list|[[French language|French]]|[[Dutch Low Saxon]]|[[Limburgish language|Limburgish]]|[[German language|German]]|[[Sinte Romani]]|[[Yiddish]]}}

| ethnic_groups = {{plainlist|class=nowrap|

* 77.39% [[Dutch people|Dutch]]

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* 9.88% ~~Other~~ Europeans

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* 9.88% other Europeans

* 2.34% [[Turks in the Netherlands|Turks]]

* 2.29% [[Dutch-Moroccans|Moroccans]]

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* 2.05% [[Surinamese people in the Netherlands|Surinamese]]

* 0.90% [[Dutch Caribbean]]

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* 0.23% ~~Other~~ [[Americas|Americans]]

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* 0.23% other [[Americas|Americans]]

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* 2.80% [[Demography of the Netherlands|~~Other~~]]}}

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* 2.80% [[Demography of the Netherlands|other]]}}

| ethnic_groups_year = 2017

| ethnic_groups_ref = <ref>[http://statline.cbs.nl/StatWeb/publication/?DM=SLNL&PA=37325&D1=0&D2=0&D3=0&D4=0&D5=a&D6=l&VW=T Official CBS website containing all Dutch demographic statistics]. Cbs.nl. Retrieved on 4 July 2017.</ref>

| religion = {{ublist |item_style=white-space:nowrap;

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|50.1% [[Irreligion|No religion]]

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|50.1% [[Irreligion|no religion]]

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|43.8% [[Christianity]]

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|43.8% [[Christianity]]

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|—23.7% [[Catholic Church in the Netherlands|Catholicism]]

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|—23.7% [[Catholic Church in the Netherlands|Catholicism]]

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|—18.1% [[Protestantism]]

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|—18.1% [[Protestantism]]

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|—2.0% ~~Other~~ [[List of Christian denominations|Christian]]

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|—2.0% other [[List of Christian denominations|Christian]]

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|4.9% [[Islam in the Netherlands|Islam]]

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|4.9% [[Islam in the Netherlands|Islam]]

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|1.2% [[Religion in the Netherlands|~~Others~~]]

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|1.2% [[Religion in the Netherlands|other]]

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}}

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}}

| religion_year = 2016

| religion_ref = <ref name="cbs2016">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/nieuws/2016/51/helft-nederlanders-is-kerkelijk-of-religieus|title=Helft Nederlanders is kerkelijk of religieus|last=CBS|website=www.cbs.nl|language=nl-NL|access-date=17 October 2017}}</ref>

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| leader_name1 = [[Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands|Willem-Alexander]]

| leader_name2 = [[Mark Rutte]]

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| leader_name3 = {{ubl|[[~~Hugo de Jonge~~]]|[[~~Kajsa Ollongren~~]]|[[Carola Schouten]]}}

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| leader_name3 = {{ubl|[[Sigrid Kaag]]|[[Wopke Hoekstra]]|[[Carola Schouten]]}}

| leader_name4 = [[Thom de Graaf]]

| legislature = [[States General of the Netherlands|States General]]

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| established_date6 = 15 December 1954

| established_date7 = 10 October 2010

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| area_km2 = 41865<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.waarstaatjeprovincie.nl/Paginas/Ruimtelijke%20ordening/Oppervlakte.aspx|title=Oppervlakte}}</ref><ref ~~name="auto2-additional"~~>{{Cite web|url=~~http~~://~~onderwerpen~~/~~caribische-deel-van-het-koninkrijk~~/~~vraag-en-antwoord~~/~~waaruit~~-~~bestaat-het-koninkrijk~~-~~der~~-~~nederlanden~~|~~title~~=~~Waaruit bestaat het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden? – Rijksoverheid~~.nl|~~first~~=~~Ministerie van Algemene~~|~~last~~=~~Zaken~~|~~date=19 May 2015|website~~=~~onderwerpen~~}}{{~~Dead link~~|~~date~~=~~January 2021~~ |~~bot~~=~~InternetArchiveBot~~ |~~fix-attempted~~=~~yes~~ }}</ref>

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| area_km2 = 41865<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.waarstaatjeprovincie.nl/Paginas/Ruimtelijke%20ordening/Oppervlakte.aspx|title=Oppervlakte|access-date=2020-11-09|archive-date=2020-01-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113200643/http://www.waarstaatjeprovincie.nl/Paginas/Ruimtelijke%20ordening/Oppervlakte.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Tabel: oppervlakte|url=https://www.waarstaatjeprovincie.nl/Paginas/Ruimtelijke%20ordening/Oppervlakte_Tabel.aspx|access-date=2022-11-18|website=www.waarstaatjeprovincie.nl|archive-date=2021-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010095350/https://www.waarstaatjeprovincie.nl/Paginas/Ruimtelijke%20ordening/Oppervlakte_Tabel.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Netherlands Maps & Facts |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/maps/netherlands |website=WorldAtlas |date=24 February 2021}}</ref>

| area_rank = 131st

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| area_sq_mi =

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| area_sq_mi =

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| percent_water = 10.32 (as of 2015)<ref>{{cite web|title=Surface water and surface water change|access-date=2020-10-11|publisher=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] (OECD)|url=https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER#}}</ref>

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| percent_water = 18.41 (as of 2015)<ref>{{cite web|title=Surface water and surface water change|access-date=2020-10-11|publisher=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] (OECD)|url=https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER#}}</ref>

| population_estimate = 17,418,808 {{increase}}<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/nl/dataset/37230ned/table|title=CBS Statline|website=opendata.cbs.nl}}</ref>

| population_estimate_year = 2020

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| population_density_km2 = 521

| population_density_rank = 16th

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| population_density_sq_mi =

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| population_density_sq_mi =

| GDP_PPP = $1.004 trillion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web|url = https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=90&pr.y=17&sy=2019&ey=2019&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=138&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|title = Netherlands|date = April 2019|publisher = International Monetary Fund }}</ref>

| GDP_PPP_year = 2019

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| currency = {{unbulleted list|[[Euro]] (€, EUR)|[[United States dollar|US dollar]] ($, USD){{efn|The euro is used in the European part of the Netherlands and replaced the [[Dutch guilder]] in 2002. The United States dollar is used in the [[Caribbean Netherlands]] and replaced the [[Netherlands Antillean guilder]] in 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0028551 |title=Wet geldstelsel BES |publisher=Dutch government |date=30 September 2010 |accessdate=11 January 2014 }}</ref>}}}}

| time_zone = {{ubl|[[UTC]]+1 ([[Central European Time|CET]])|[[UTC]]−4 ([[Atlantic Standard Time|AST]]){{efn|CET and CEST are used in the European Netherlands, and AST is used in the Caribbean Netherlands.}}}}

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| utc_offset =

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| utc_offset =

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| utc_offset_DST =

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| utc_offset_DST =

| time_zone_DST = {{ubl|[[UTC]]+2 ([[Central European Summer Time|CEST]])|[[UTC]]−4 ([[Atlantic Standard Time|AST]])}}

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| DST_note = {{smaller|Note: Even though the European Netherlands are located within the [[UTC±00:00|UTC±0]] longitudes, the country adopted

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| DST_note = {{smaller|Note: Even though the European Netherlands are located within the [[UTC±00:00|UTC±0]] longitudes, the country adopted

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[[UTC+1]] ([[Central European Time]]) as its standard time under [[German occupation of the Netherlands|German occupation]] on 2 November 1942, with a +0:40:28 offset (+1:40:28 during [[daylight saving time|DST]]) from Amsterdam’s [[Local Mean Time|LMT]] (UTC+0:19:32).<ref>{{cite web |title=Time Zone & Clock Changes in Amsterdam, Netherlands |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/time/zone/netherlands/amsterdam |website=www.timeanddate.com |accessdate=24 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref>}}

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[[UTC+1]] ([[Central European Time]]) as its standard time under [[German occupation of the Netherlands|German occupation]] on 2 November 1942, with a +0:40:28 offset (+1:40:28 during [[daylight saving time|DST]]) from Amsterdam’s [[Local Mean Time|LMT]] (UTC+0:19:32).<ref>{{cite web |title=Time Zone & Clock Changes in Amsterdam, Netherlands |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/time/zone/netherlands/amsterdam |website=www.timeanddate.com |accessdate=24 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref>}}

| date_format = dd-mm-yyyy

| electricity = [[Mains electricity by country|230 V–50 Hz]]

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| iso3166code = NL

| cctld = [[.nl]], [[.bq]]{{efn|.nl is the common internet top level domain name for the Netherlands. The [[.eu]] domain is also used, as it is shared with other [[European Union]] member states. .bq is designated, but not in use, for the [[Caribbean Netherlands]].}}

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| today =

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| today =

}}

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~~[[File:~~Netherlands~~-CIA WFB Map-10-10-10.png|thumb|350px|Map of the Netherlands]]~~

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'''Netherlands''' (or '''Holland''') is a [[country]] that is part (of a [[constituent country]]) of the [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]]. Most of it is in [[Western Europe]], but there are also some parts in the [[Caribbean]]. More than 17 million people live there. To the north and west of the [[Europe]]an part of the Netherlands is the [[North Sea]], and to the east is [[Germany]], and to the south is [[Belgium]]. The Netherlands is one of the countries that started the [[European Union]]. People who live in the Netherlands are called "[[Dutch (people)|Dutch]]". The language of the Netherlands is also called [[Dutch language|Dutch]]. The official capital of the Netherlands is [[Amsterdam]]. However, the government is in [[The Hague]].

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~~The~~ '''~~Netherlands~~''' is a [[country]] that is part (of a [[constituent country]]) of the [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]]. Most of it is in [[Western Europe]], but there are also some parts in the [[Caribbean]]. More than 17 million people live there. To the north and west of the [[Europe]]an part of the Netherlands is the [[North Sea]], and to the east is [[Germany]] and to the south is [[Belgium]]. The Netherlands is one of the countries that started the [[European Union]]. People who live in the Netherlands are called "[[Dutch (people)|Dutch]]". The language of the Netherlands is also called [[Dutch language|Dutch]]. The official capital of the Netherlands is Amsterdam. However, the government is in The Hague.

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== Name ==

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"The Netherlands" means "the low lands". The land only rises, on average, 1 meter above sea level. One third of the land is below sea level. The Netherlands is also - incorrectly - referred to as [[Holland]]. Holland ~~was~~ a very rich area (two provinces) in the western part of the Netherlands, thus causing people to be mistaken. ~~Some~~ people who do not live in the western part of the Netherlands do not like it when people call the country Holland. The name "Holland" originates from the old Dutch words "Holt land" which means "wood lands".

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"The Netherlands" means "the low lands". The land only rises, on average, 1 meter above sea level. One third of the land is below sea level. The Netherlands is also - incorrectly - referred to as [[Holland]]. Holland is a very rich area (two provinces) in the western part of the Netherlands, thus causing people to be mistaken. Most people who do not live in the western part of the Netherlands do not like it when people call the country Holland. The name "Holland" originates from the old Dutch words "Holt land" which means "wood lands". Holt eventually changed into hout, the current Dutch word for wood.

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== History ==

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At the end of the [[Middle Ages]] the [[duke]]s of [[Burgundy]], a country that is now part of [[France]], united seventeen areas. Those areas were called the Netherlands. When the daughter of a duke married [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor]] in 1477, the Netherlands became part of [[Spain]]. In the 16th century many Dutch people became [[Protestant]]. The king of Spain did not like it, he wanted all Dutch to be [[Roman Catholic]]. Of course the Dutch people did not like this, and after violent excesses by the Spanish they started a war against Spain in 1568, also for reasons of taxation. The war lasted until 1648, therefore it is called the [[Eighty Years' War]]. An important leader of the Dutch in this war was Willem van Oranje (~~Willem~~ of ~~orange~~) also called [[William the Silent]].

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At the end of the [[Middle Ages]] the [[duke]]s of [[Burgundy]], a country that is now part of [[France]], united seventeen areas. Those areas were called the Netherlands. When the daughter of a duke married [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor]] in 1477, the Netherlands became part of [[Spain]]. In the 16th century many Dutch people became [[Protestant]]. The king of Spain did not like it, he wanted all Dutch to be [[Roman Catholic]]. Of course the Dutch people did not like this, and after violent excesses by the Spanish they started a war against Spain in 1568, also for reasons of taxation. The war lasted until 1648, therefore it is called the [[Eighty Years' War]]. An important leader of the Dutch in this war was Willem van Oranje ([[William of Orange]]) also called [[William the Silent]].

In 1648 the Netherlands and Spain signed [[Peace of Münster|peace]]. The Dutch people were allowed to keep all the areas they conquered. The part of the Netherlands that was not conquered by the Dutch stayed part of Spain. Later this part became the country [[Belgium]].

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After the war the Netherlands became one of the richest countries in the world. In 2004 the [[United Nations]] said that the Netherlands was the 5th best country to live in.

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== Politics ==

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The Netherlands is a [[constitutional monarchy]]. That means the country has a king, but the real power is in the hands of a [[parliament]], chosen by the Dutch people. All Dutch people at least 18 years old or older are allowed to vote. The Dutch parliament consists of two chambers: the [[Second Chamber (Netherlands)|Second Chamber]] (Dutch: ''Tweede Kamer'', this is the House of Representatives, elected every four years), and the [[First Chamber (Netherlands)|First Chamber]] (Dutch: ''Eerste Kamer'', this is the Senate, elected by provincial politicians every four years). After the Second Chamber elections, parties that have had a majority of the votes create a [[cabinet]]. The cabinet consists of a [[prime minister]] and several other ministers and deputy ministers. ~~Current government is~~ the liberal-Christian democratic [[~~Third~~ Rutte cabinet]], consisting of [[VVD]], [[~~CDA~~]], [[~~D66~~]] and [[CU]] politicians. Prime Minister is [[Mark Rutte]] (VVD).

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The Netherlands is a [[constitutional monarchy]]. That means the country has a king, but the real power is in the hands of a [[parliament]], chosen by the Dutch people. All Dutch people at least 18 years old or older are allowed to vote. The Dutch parliament consists of two chambers: the [[Second Chamber (Netherlands)|Second Chamber]] (Dutch: ''Tweede Kamer'', this is the House of Representatives, elected every four years), and the [[First Chamber (Netherlands)|First Chamber]] (Dutch: ''Eerste Kamer'', this is the Senate, elected by provincial politicians every four years). After the Second Chamber elections, parties that have had a majority of the votes create a [[cabinet]]. The cabinet consists of a [[prime minister]] and several other ministers and deputy ministers. Currenty the cabinet (Government) has fallen. the mosnt reacent cabinet was: the liberal-Christian democratic [[Fourth Rutte cabinet]], consisting of [[VVD]], [[D66]], [[CDA]], and [[CU]] politicians. Prime Minister is [[Mark Rutte]] (VVD).

The latest general elections were held on [[2021 Dutch general election|March 17, 2021]]. Winners were liberal parties like [[VVD]] (also the biggest party), [[D66]] (second biggest party) and [[Volt Netherlands|Volt]], and populist parties like [[FVD]] and [[JA21]]. Losers were left parties like [[SP]] and [[GL]], Christian democratic party [[CDA]], populist party [[PVV]], and senior citizen party [[50+]].

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More information: ''[[Politics of the Netherlands]]''.

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== Subdivisions ==

The Netherlands is subdivided in provinces and municipalities.

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== Provinces ==

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=== Provinces ===

[[File:Map provinces Netherlands-en.svg|thumb|350px|Provinces of the Netherlands]]

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! style="width:80px;"| Largest city

! style="width:60px;"| [[Area]] (km2)

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!<ref name="ProvArea">{{cite web|url=http://statline.cbs.nl/StatWeb/publication/?VW=T&DM=SLNL&PA=70072ned&D1=224&D2=5-16&D3=l&HD=081103-1603&HDR=T&STB=G1,G2|language=Dutch|publisher=[[Statistics Netherlands]]|year=~~2007~~|accessdate=~~2007~~-10-13|title=Regionale Kerncijfers Nederland}}</ref> width="70px"| [[Population]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://statline.cbs.nl/StatWeb/publication/?VW=T&DM=SLNL&PA=03759ned&D1=0&D2=802-813&D3=0&D4=l&HD=081103-1603|language=Dutch|publisher=[[Statistics Netherlands]]|year=~~2007~~|accessdate=~~2007~~-10-13|title=Bevolking per regio naar leeftijd, geslacht en burgerlijke staat}}</ref>

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!<ref name="ProvArea">{{cite web|url=http://statline.cbs.nl/StatWeb/publication/?VW=T&DM=SLNL&PA=70072ned&D1=224&D2=5-16&D3=l&HD=081103-1603&HDR=T&STB=G1,G2|language=Dutch|publisher=[[Statistics Netherlands]]|year=2021|accessdate=2021-12-24|title=Regionale Kerncijfers Nederland}}</ref> width="70px"| [[Population]] (2021)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://statline.cbs.nl/StatWeb/publication/?VW=T&DM=SLNL&PA=03759ned&D1=0&D2=802-813&D3=0&D4=l&HD=081103-1603|language=Dutch|publisher=[[Statistics Netherlands]]|year=2021|accessdate=2021-12-24|title=Bevolking per regio naar leeftijd, geslacht en burgerlijke staat}}</ref>

! style="width:80px;"|Density (per km2)

|-

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| [[File:Flag Drenthe.svg|27px]] || [[Drenthe]] || [[Assen]] || [[Assen]] || style="text-align:right"|2,~~641~~|| style="text-align:right"|~~486~~,~~197~~|| style="text-align:right"|~~184~~

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| [[File:Flag Drenthe.svg|27px]] || [[Drenthe]] || [[Assen]] || [[Assen]] || style="text-align:right"|2,633|| style="text-align:right"|495,000|| style="text-align:right"|188

|-

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| [[File:Flevolandflag.svg|27px]] || [[Flevoland]] || [[Lelystad]] || [[Almere]] || style="text-align:right"|1,~~417~~|| style="text-align:right"|~~374~~,~~424~~|| style="text-align:right"|~~264~~

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| [[File:Flevolandflag.svg|27px]] || [[Flevoland]] || [[Lelystad]] || [[Almere]] || style="text-align:right"|1,412|| style="text-align:right"|428,000|| style="text-align:right"|300

|-

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| [[File:Frisian flag.svg|27px]] || [[Friesland]] || [[Leeuwarden]] || [[Leeuwarden]] || style="text-align:right"|3,~~341~~|| style="text-align:right"|~~642~~,~~209~~|| style="text-align:right"|~~192~~

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| [[File:Frisian flag.svg|27px]] || [[Friesland]] ''(Fryslân)'' || [[Leeuwarden]] || [[Leeuwarden]] || style="text-align:right"|3,336|| style="text-align:right"|651,000|| style="text-align:right"|195

|-

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| [[File:Flag of Gelderland.svg|27px]] || [[Gelderland]] || [[Arnhem]] || [[Nijmegen]] || style="text-align:right"|4,~~971~~|| style="text-align:right"|1,~~979~~,~~059~~|| style="text-align:right"|~~398~~

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| [[File:Flag of Gelderland.svg|27px]] || [[Gelderland]] || [[Arnhem]] || [[Nijmegen]] || style="text-align:right"|4,964|| style="text-align:right"|2,097,000|| style="text-align:right"|420

|-

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| [[File:Flag Groningen.svg|27px]] || [[Groningen (province)|Groningen]] || [[Groningen (city)|Groningen]] || [[Groningen (city)|Groningen]] || style="text-align:right"|2,~~333~~|| style="text-align:right"|~~573~~,~~614~~|| style="text-align:right"|~~246~~

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| [[File:Flag Groningen.svg|27px]] || [[Groningen (province)|Groningen]] || [[Groningen (city)|Groningen]] || [[Groningen (city)|Groningen]] || style="text-align:right"|2,324|| style="text-align:right"|587,000|| style="text-align:right"|252

|-

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| [[File:NL-LimburgVlag.svg|27px]] || [[Limburg (Netherlands)|Limburg]] || [[Maastricht]] || [[Maastricht]] || style="text-align:right"|2,~~150~~|| style="text-align:right"|1,~~127~~,~~805~~|| style="text-align:right"|~~525~~

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| [[File:NL-LimburgVlag.svg|27px]] || [[Limburg (Netherlands)|Limburg]] || [[Maastricht]] || [[Maastricht]] || style="text-align:right"|2,147|| style="text-align:right"|1,116,000|| style="text-align:right"|520

|-

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| [[File:North Brabant-Flag.svg|27px]] || [[North Brabant]] ''(Noord-Brabant)'' || [['s-Hertogenbosch|Den Bosch]] || [[Eindhoven]] || style="text-align:right"|4,~~916~~|| style="text-align:right"|2,~~419~~,~~042~~|| style="text-align:right"|~~492~~

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| [[File:North Brabant-Flag.svg|27px]] || [[North Brabant]] ''(Noord-Brabant)'' || [['s-Hertogenbosch|Den Bosch]] || [[Eindhoven]] || style="text-align:right"|4,905|| style="text-align:right"|2,574,000|| style="text-align:right"|522

|-

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| [[File:Flag North-Holland, Netherlands.svg|27px]] || [[North Holland]] ''(Noord-Holland)'' || [[Haarlem]] || [[Amsterdam]] || style="text-align:right"|2,~~671~~|| style="text-align:right"|2,~~613~~,~~070~~|| style="text-align:right"|~~978~~

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| [[File:Flag North-Holland, Netherlands.svg|27px]] || [[North Holland]] ''(Noord-Holland)'' || [[Haarlem]] || [[Amsterdam]] || style="text-align:right"|2,665|| style="text-align:right"|2,888,000|| style="text-align:right"|1081

|-

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| [[File:Flag Overijssel.svg|27px]] || [[Overijssel]] || [[Zwolle, Netherlands|Zwolle]] || [[Enschede]] || style="text-align:right"|3,~~325~~|| style="text-align:right"|1,~~116~~,~~374~~|| style="text-align:right"|~~336~~

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| [[File:Flag Overijssel.svg|27px]] || [[Overijssel]] || [[Zwolle, Netherlands|Zwolle]] || [[Enschede]] || style="text-align:right"|3,319|| style="text-align:right"|1,166,000|| style="text-align:right"|350

|-

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| [[File:~~Utrecht (province)~~-~~Flag~~.svg|27px]] || [[~~Utrecht~~ (~~province~~)~~|Utrecht]]~~ || [[~~Utrecht~~ (~~city~~)~~|Utrecht]]~~ || [[~~Utrecht (city)|Utrecht~~]] || style="text-align:right"|1,~~385~~|| style="text-align:right"|1,~~190~~,~~604~~|| style="text-align:right"|~~860~~

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| [[File:Flag Zuid-Holland.svg|27px]] || [[South Holland]] ''(Zuid-Holland)'' || [[The Hague]] ''(Den Haag)'' || [[Rotterdam]] || style="text-align:right"|2,700|| style="text-align:right"|3,726,000|| style="text-align:right"|1374

|-

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| [[File:Flag ~~of Zeeland~~.svg|27px]] || [[~~Zeeland~~|~~Zealand~~]]~~ ''(Zeeland)''~~ || [[~~Middelburg, Netherlands~~|~~Middelburg~~]] || [[~~Middelburg, Netherlands~~|~~Middelburg~~]] || style="text-align:right"|1,~~787~~|| style="text-align:right"|~~380~~,~~497~~|| style="text-align:right"|~~213~~

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| [[File:Utrecht (province)-Flag.svg|27px]] || [[Utrecht (province)|Utrecht]] || [[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]] || [[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]] || style="text-align:right"|1,485|| style="text-align:right"|1,361,000|| style="text-align:right"|912

|-

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| [[File:Flag ~~Zuid-Holland~~.svg|27px]] || [[~~South Holland~~]] ''(~~Zuid Holland~~)'' || [[~~The Hague~~]]~~ ''(Den Haag)''~~ || [[~~Rotterdam~~]] || style="text-align:right"|2,~~814~~|| style="text-align:right"|~~3,455~~,~~097~~|| style="text-align:right"|~~1228~~

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| [[File:Flag of Zeeland.svg|27px]] || [[Zeeland|Zealand]] ''(Zeeland)'' || [[Middelburg, Netherlands|Middelburg]] || [[Middelburg, Netherlands|Middelburg]] || style="text-align:right"|1,782|| style="text-align:right"|385,000|| style="text-align:right"|215

|}

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When the Kingdom was formed in 1954, the territories in the Caribbean became part of the [[Netherlands Antilles]]. At that time it also included [[Suriname]] in [[South America]], which became an [[independence|independent]] country in 1975. Aruba left the Antilles in 1986, and Curaçao and Sint Maarten did the same in 2010. The rest of the islands then became the Caribbean Netherlands which is part of the Netherlands proper.

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== Municipalities ==

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=== Municipalities ===

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The Netherlands has 342 municipalities (2023) and also three special municipalities in the so-called [[Caribbean Netherlands]].

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~~{{Main|List of municipalities of the Netherlands}}~~

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The Netherlands has ~~352~~ municipalities (~~2021~~) and also three special municipalities in the so-called [[Caribbean Netherlands]].

Almost every year the amount of municipalities decrease.

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== Cities ==

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Cities aren't actually a subdivision of the Netherlands. Cities are also municipalities or they make part of municipalities.

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~~=== Cities ===~~

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This is a list of the cities/municipalities with over 120,000 people.

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~~Cities aren't actually~~ a ~~subdivision~~ of the ~~Netherlands. Cities are also municipalities or they make part of~~ municipalities.

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~~This is a list of the cities with over 100,000 people.~~

[[File:Amsterdam airphoto.jpg|thumb|[[Amsterdam]]]]

[[File:RotterdamMaasNederland.jpg|thumb|[[Rotterdam]]]]

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[[File:Domuitzicht8.jpg|thumb|[[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]]]]

[[File:Hoogbouw Eindhoven.jpg|thumb|[[Eindhoven]]]]

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{| class="wikitable"

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{| class="wikitable sortable"

|-

!Rank

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!City

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!City/ municipality

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!Population

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!Population (2022)

!Province

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~~!Notes~~

|-

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|1||[[Amsterdam]]||~~780~~,000||{{flag|North Holland}}||~~''excl.~~ [[~~Driemond~~]] ~~and~~ [[~~Landelijk Noord~~]]~~''~~

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|1||[[Amsterdam]]||905,000||{{flag|North Holland}}

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|-

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|2||[[Rotterdam]]||655,000||{{flag|South Holland}}

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|-

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|3||[[The Hague]]||553,000||{{flag|South Holland}}

|-

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|2||[[~~Rotterdam~~]]||~~611~~,000||{{flag|~~South Holland~~}}||

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|4||[[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]]||362,000 ||{{flag|Utrecht}}

|-

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|3||[[~~The Hague~~]]||~~500~~,000||{{flag|~~South Holland~~}}~~||''[[Dutch language|Dutch]] name: Den Haag''~~

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|5||[[Eindhoven]]||238,000||{{flag|North Brabant}}

|-

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|4||[[~~Utrecht~~ (city)|~~Utrecht~~]]||~~312~~,~~634~~ ||{{flag|~~Utrecht~~}}

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|6||[[Groningen (city)|Groningen]]||235,000||{{flag|Groningen}}

|-

−

|5||[[~~Eindhoven~~]]||~~213~~,~~809~~||{{flag|North Brabant}}

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|7||[[Tilburg]]||224,000||{{flag|North Brabant}}

|-

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|6||[[~~Tilburg~~]]||~~203~~,~~492~~||{{flag|~~North Brabant~~}}

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|8||[[Almere]]||218,000||{{flag|Flevoland}}

|-

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|7||[[~~Almere~~]]||~~193~~,~~303~~||{{flag|~~Flevoland~~}}

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|9||[[Breda]]||185,000||{{flag|North Brabant}}

|-

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|8||[[~~Groningen (city)|Groningen~~]]||~~187~~,~~298~~||{{flag|~~Groningen~~}}~~||''excl. Engelbert, Hoogkerk, Middelbert and Noorderhoogebrug''~~

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|10||[[Nijmegen]]||179,000||{{flag|Gelderland}}

|-

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|9||[[~~Breda~~]]||~~173~~,~~299~~||{{flag|~~North Brabant~~}}

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|11||[[Apeldoorn]]||166,000||{{flag|Gelderland}}

|-

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|10||[[~~Nijmegen~~]]||164,~~165~~||{{flag|Gelderland}}~~||''excl. Lent and Oosterhout''~~

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|12||[[Arnhem]]||164,000||{{flag|Gelderland}}

|-

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|11||[[~~Apeldoorn~~]]||~~155~~,~~726~~||{{flag|~~Gelderland~~}}~~||''excl. Beekbergen, Hoenderloo, Hoog Soeren, Klarenbeek, Lieren, Loenen, Uddel and Ugchelen''~~

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|13||[[Haarlem]]||163,000||{{flag|North Holland}}

|-

−

|12||[[Enschede]]||~~154~~,~~017~~||{{flag|Overijssel}}||

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|14||[[Enschede]]||161,000||{{flag|Overijssel}}

|-

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|13||[[~~Haarlem~~]]||~~151~~,~~853~~||{{flag|North Holland}}~~||''excl.Bloemendaal, Hillegom, Heemstede, Velsen, Overveen''~~

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|15||[[Haarlemmermeer]]||159,000||{{flag|North Holland}}

|-

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|14||[[~~Arnhem~~]]||~~147~~,~~018~~||{{flag|~~Gelderland~~}}~~||''excl. Schaarsbergen''~~

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|16||[[Amersfoort]]||159,000||{{flag|Utrecht}}

|-

−

|15||[[~~Amersfoort~~]]||~~126~~,~~750~~||{{flag|~~Utrecht~~}}~~||''excl. Hoogland and Hooglanderveen''~~

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|17||[[Zaanstad]]||157,000||{{flag|North Holland}}

|-

−

|16||[[~~Dordrecht~~]]||~~118~~,~~540~~||{{flag|~~South Holland~~}}

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|18||[['s-Hertogenbosch]]||157,000||{{flag|North Brabant}}

|-

−

|17||[[~~Zoetermeer~~]]||~~118~~,~~020~~||{{flag|~~South Holland~~}}

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|19||[[Zwolle, Overijssel|Zwolle]]||131,000||{{flag|Overijssel}}

|-

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|18||[[~~Zwolle, Netherlands|Zwolle~~]]||~~118~~,000||{{flag|~~Overijssel~~}}~~||''excl. Brinkhoek, Haerst, Herfte, Langenholte, Wijthmen and Windesheim''~~

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|20||[[Zoetermeer]]||126,000||{{flag|South Holland}}

|-

−

|19||[[~~Leiden~~]]||~~117~~,~~480~~||{{flag|~~South Holland~~}}

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|21||[[Leeuwarden]]||126,000||{{flag|Friesland}}

|-

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|20||[[~~Maastricht~~]]||~~116~~,~~200~~||{{~~flagcountry~~|~~Limburg (Netherlands)~~}}~~||''excl. Borgharen and Itteren''~~

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|22||[[Leiden]]||125,000||{{flag|South Holland}}

|-

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|21||[[~~Ede~~]]||~~107~~,~~476~~||{{flag|~~Gelderland~~}}~~||''CBS (1 January, 2007)''~~

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|23||[[Maastricht]]||121,000||{{flag|Limburg (Netherlands)}}

|-

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|22||[[~~'s-Hertogenbosch~~]]||~~102~~,~~220~~||{{flag|~~North Brabant~~}}~~||''excl. Bokhoven, Empel, Engelen, Kruisstraat, Maliskamp and Rosmalen''~~

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|24||[[Ede]]||120,000||{{flag|Gelderland}}

|-

−

|23||[[~~Venlo~~]]||~~100~~,~~271~~||{{~~flagcountry~~|~~Limburg (Netherlands)~~}}

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|25||[[Dordrecht]]||120,000||{{flag|South Holland}}

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|}

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For all municipalities with more population numbers,

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''see: [[List of municipalities of the Netherlands]].''

== Geography ==

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In fact a large part of the Netherlands was created by the sand that came from the many [[river]]s flowing through it. Notable Dutch rivers are the [[Rhine]], the [[Maas]], the [[IJssel]] and the [[Scelt]]. A large part of the Netherlands is below [[sea level]]. This is because the Dutch have made many lakes and parts of the sea dry, creating polders. Therefore, there is a [[saying]] "God created the earth, but the Dutch created the Netherlands." This makes the Netherlands very flat. In the very south-east of the Netherlands, in [[Limburg (Netherlands)|Limburg]], there are some hills. Therefore, this region is a tourist-attraction for many Dutch people. The highest point in the European portion of the Netherlands, the [[Vaalserberg]], is 323 metres above sea level. The highest point in both the Netherlands proper and the Kingdom of the Netherlands is [[Mount Scenery]], on the Caribbean island of [[Saba]], at 887 metres.

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In fact a large part of the Netherlands (the province Flevoland) was created by the sand that came from the many [[river]]s flowing through it. Notable Dutch rivers are the [[Rhine]], the [[Maas]], the [[IJssel]] and the [[Scelt]]. A large part of the Netherlands is below [[sea level]]. This is because the Dutch have made many lakes and parts of the sea dry, creating polders. Therefore, there is a [[saying]] "God created the earth, but the Dutch created the Netherlands." This makes the Netherlands very flat. In the very south-east of the Netherlands, in [[Limburg (Netherlands)|Limburg]], there are some hills. Therefore, this region is a tourist-attraction for many Dutch people. The highest point in the European portion of the Netherlands, the [[Vaalserberg]], is 323 metres above sea level. The highest point in both the Netherlands proper and the Kingdom of the Netherlands is [[Mount Scenery]], on the Caribbean island of [[Saba]], at 887 metres.

The Netherlands is a small flat country; about 300 kilometers from north to south, and about 170 kilometers from east to west. It has an [[oceanic climate]] (''Cfb'' in the [[Köppen climate classification]]).

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== Climate ==

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The Netherlands has an [[oceanic climate]], with a yearly average temperature of {{cvt|10|C|F}}.<ref>https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/netherlands/climate-data-historical</ref>

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The highest temperature ever recorded in the Netherlands was {{cvt|40.7|C|F}}, on 25 July 2019 in [[Gilze-Rijen]].<ref>https://www.knmi.nl/over-het-knmi/nieuws/temperatuur-door-historische-grens-van-40-c</ref>

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The lowest temperature ever recorded in the Netherlands was {{cvt|-27.4|C|F}}, on 27 January 1942 in [[Winterswijk]].<ref>https://www.knmi.nl/over-het-knmi/nieuws/nationaal-kouderecord-bestaat-80-jaar</ref>

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Top 5 warmest days

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{| class="wikitable sortable"

+

|-

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! Rank

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! Temperature

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! Date

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! Location

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|-

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| 1.

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| {{cvt|40.7|C|F}}

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| 25 July 2019

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| [[Gilze-Rijen]]

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|-

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| 2.

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| {{cvt|40.1|C|F}}

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| 26 July 2019

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| Volkel

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|-

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| 3.

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| {{cvt|39.5|C|F}}

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| 19 July 2022

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| Maastricht-Aachen Airport

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|-

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| 4.

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| {{cvt|39.3|C|F}}

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| 24 July 2019

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| [[Eindhoven]]

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|-

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| 5.

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| {{cvt|38.2|C|F}}

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| 26 July 2018, 2 July 2015

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| Arcen, Maastricht-Aachen Airport

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|}

== People ==

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The Netherlands is a small country, but many people live there. It is one of the most [[population density|densely populated]] countries of the world.

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Most people in the Netherlands speak [[Dutch language|Dutch]]. In [[Friesland]], about 200,000 people speak [[Frisian language|Frisian]]. Frisian is the language with the most similarities to English. Some Dutch people speak [[dialect]]s. The Saxon dialects spoken in the northeastern part of the Netherlands are somewhat similar to [[Low German]].

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Most people in the Netherlands speak [[Dutch language|Dutch]]. In [[Friesland]], about 200,000 people speak [[Frisian language|Frisian]]. Frisian is the language with the most similarities to [[English language|English]]. Some Dutch people speak [[dialect]]s. The Saxon dialects spoken in the northeastern part of the Netherlands are somewhat similar to [[Low German language|Low German]].

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According to a survey done in ~~2006~~, 25% of the Dutch people are [[Christian]] and 3% believe in another organised religion, like Judaism, Islam or Hinduism. Twenty-six percent are 'unbounded spiritual' (have their own beliefs and are not tied to a religion). The other 44% are not religious.

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According to a survey done in 2010, 23% of the Dutch people are [[Christian]] and 6% is islam and 71% believe in another organised religion, like Judaism, Islam or Hinduism. Twenty-six percent are 'unbounded spiritual' (have their own beliefs and are not tied to a religion). The other 44% are not religious.

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== Trains ==

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==Trains==

[[Nederlandse Spoorwegen]] ({{lang-en|Dutch Railways}}) or '''NS''' is the main passenger railway operator in the Netherlands. The rail [[infrastructure]] is maintained by network manager [[ProRail]], which was split from NS in 2003. Freight services, formerly operated by '''NS Cargo''', merged with the [[DB Schenker]] group in 2000.

NS runs 4,800 scheduled trains daily. In addition, NS provides international rail services from the Netherlands to other European destinations and carries out concessions on a number of foreign rail markets through its subsidiary [[Abellio (transport company)|Abellio]] such as [[Abellio Greater Anglia]], [[Merseyrail]] and [[ScotRail]].

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[[Arriva]] is another passenger railway operator in the Netherlands. It is a [[~~wikt:~~subsidiary|subsidiary]] of the German company [[Deutsche Bahn]]. Their local headquarters is based at [[Heerenveen]]. They have been active since 1998.

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[[Arriva]] is another passenger railway operator in the Netherlands. It is a [[subsidiary|subsidiary]] of the German company [[Deutsche Bahn]]. Their local headquarters is based at [[Heerenveen]]. They have been active since 1998.

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==Related pages==

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== Netherlands Media ==

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<gallery widths='160px' heights='100%' mode='traditional' caption=''>File:United States Navy Band - Het Wilhelmus (tempo corrected).ogg

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|An instrumental U.S. recording of "Wilhelmus van Nassouwe", the Dutch national anthem. Tempo corrected version created by User:AKAKIOS. Original audio file: File:United States Navy Band - Het Wilhelmus.ogg

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File:EU-Netherlands (orthographic projection).png| (Dark-Green) Netherlands.

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File:Germania 70.svg|The Rhine frontier around 70 AD

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File:Franks expansion.gif|Frankish expansion (481 to 870 AD)

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File:Rorik by H. W. Koekkoek.jpg|[[Rorik of Dorestad]], [[Viking]] ruler of [[Friesland]] (romantic 1912 depiction)

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File:Graftombe Ridder Arnold van der Sluijs.jpg|A medieval tomb of the Brabantian knight Arnold van der Sluijs

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File:De handelsloge van de VOC in Hougly in Bengalen Rijksmuseum SK-A-4282.jpeg|[[Dutch East India Company]] factory in [[Hugli-Chuchura]], [[Mughal Bengal]] by Hendrik van Schuylenburgh, 1665

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</gallery>

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== Related pages ==

* [[List of rivers of the Netherlands]]

* [[Netherlands at the Olympics]]

* [[Netherlands national football team]]

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== References ==

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