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Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (view source)

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'''Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States''' are the members of the [[Supreme Court of the United States]] other than the [[Chief Justice of the United States]]. The number of Associate Justices is ruled by the [[United States Congress]] and is currently set at eight by the [[Judiciary Act of 1869]].
 
'''Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States''' are the members of the [[Supreme Court of the United States]] other than the [[Chief Justice of the United States]]. The number of Associate Justices is ruled by the [[United States Congress]] and is currently set at eight by the [[Judiciary Act of 1869]].
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== How they are nominated ==
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The President "shall nominate, and by and with the [[Advice and consent|Advice and Consent]] of the Senate, shall appoint... Judges of the supreme Court." Although the Constitution refers to them as "Judges of the Supreme Court," the title actually used is "Associate Justice," introduced in the [[Judiciary Act of 1789]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llac&fileName=002/llac002.db&recNum=481|title=A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774 - 1875|website=memory.loc.gov}}</ref> Associate justices were traditionally styled "Mr. Justice" in court opinions, but the title was shortened to "Justice" in 1980, a year before the first female justice was appointed.<ref name="Biskupic">Joan Biskupic, ''Sandra Day O'Connor: How the First Woman on the Supreme Court Became Its Most Influential Justice'' (New York: HarperCollins, 2005), 101.</ref>
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== Duties ==
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Each of the Justices of the Supreme Court has a single vote in deciding the cases argued before it; the Chief Justice's vote counts no more than that of any other Justice.
 +
== Succession process ==
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Under [[Title 28 of the United States Code|28 USC]] [http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/28/3.html 3], when the Chief Justice is unable to discharge his functions, or that office is vacant, his duties are carried out by the most senior Associate Justice until the disability or the vacancy ends.
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== Current justices ==
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'''The current Associate Justices are (in order of seniority):'''
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{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
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|-
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! rowspan=2 colspan=2 style="min-width: 150px /* without these none of the images will display on a mobile device. Given images are 100px width we must ensure the container is at least 100px with some space for the text */" | Justice /<br />birthdate and place
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! rowspan=2 | Appointed by
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! rowspan=2 | <abbr title="U.S. Senate confirmation vote">SCV</abbr>
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! colspan=2 | Age at
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! rowspan=2 | Start date /<br />length of service
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! rowspan=2 class="unsortable" | Previous position or office<br />{{small|(most recent prior to joining the Court)}}
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! rowspan=2 | Replaced
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|-
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! Start !! Present
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|-
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| {{sort|09|[[File:Clarence Thomas official SCOTUS portrait (cropped).jpg|100px]]}}
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| '''{{Sortname|Clarence|Thomas}}'''<br />{{birth date and age|1948|6|23}}<br />[[Pin Point, Georgia]]
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| {{sortname|G. H. W.|Bush|George H. W. Bush|Bush, GHW}}
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| [[Clarence Thomas Supreme Court nomination|52–48]]
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| 43
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| {{age nts|1948|6|23}}
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| {{dts|link=off|1991|10|23}}<br />{{ayd|1991|10|23}}
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| Judge of the [[United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit]] (1990–1991)
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| [[Thurgood Marshall|Marshall]]
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|-
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| {{sort|01|[[File:Samuel Alito official photo (cropped).jpg|100px]]}}
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| '''{{Sortname|Samuel|Alito}}'''<br />{{birth date and age|1950|4|1}}<br />[[Trenton, New Jersey]]
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| {{sortname|G. W.|Bush|George W. Bush|Bush, GW}}
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| [[Samuel Alito Supreme Court nomination|58–42]]
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| 55
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| {{age nts|1950|4|1}}
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| {{dts|link=off|2006|1|31}}<br />{{ayd|2006|1|31}}
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| Judge of the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit]] (1990–2006)
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| [[Sandra Day O'Connor|O'Connor]]
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|-
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| {{sort|08|[[File:Sonia Sotomayor in SCOTUS robe crop.jpg|100px]]}}
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| '''{{Sortname|Sonia|Sotomayor}}'''<br />{{birth date and age|1954|6|25}}<br />[[The Bronx|The Bronx, New York]]
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| {{sortname||Obama|Barack Obama|Obama, Barack}}
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| [[Sonia Sotomayor Supreme Court nomination|68–31]]
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| 55
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| {{age nts|1954|6|25}}
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| {{dts|link=off|2009|8|8}}<br />{{ayd|2009|8|8}}
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| Judge of the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit]] (1998–2009)
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| [[David Souter|Souter]]
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|-
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| {{sort|05|[[File:Elena Kagan-1-1.jpg|110px]]}}
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| '''{{Sortname|Elena|Kagan}}'''<br />{{birth date and age|1960|4|28}}<br />[[Manhattan|Manhattan, New York]]
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| {{sortname||Obama|Barack Obama|Obama, Barack}}
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| [[Elena Kagan Supreme Court nomination|63–37]]
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| 50
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| {{age nts|1960|4|28}}
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| {{dts|link=off|2010|8|7}}<br />{{ayd|2010|8|7}}
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| [[Solicitor General of the United States]] (2009–2010)
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| [[John Paul Stevens|Stevens]]
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|-
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| {{sort|04|[[File:Associate Justice Neil Gorsuch Official Portrait (cropped 2).jpg|100px]]}}
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| '''{{Sortname|Neil|Gorsuch}}'''<br />{{birth date and age|1967|8|29}}<br />[[Denver|Denver, Colorado]]
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| {{sortname||Trump|Donald Trump|Trump, Donald}}
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| [[Neil Gorsuch Supreme Court nomination|54–45]]
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| 49
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| {{age nts|1967|8|29}}
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| {{dts|link=off|2017|4|10}}<br />{{ayd|2017|4|10}}
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| Judge of the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit]] (2006–2017)
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| [[Antonin Scalia|Scalia]]
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|-
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| {{sort|06|[[File:Associate Justice Brett Kavanaugh Official Portrait.jpg|100px]]}}
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| '''{{Sortname|Brett|Kavanaugh}}'''<br />{{birth date and age|1965|2|12}}<br />[[Washington, D.C.]]
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| {{sortname||Trump|Donald Trump|Trump, Donald}}
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| [[Brett Kavanaugh Supreme Court nomination|50–48]]
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| 53
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| {{age nts|1965|2|12}}
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| {{dts|link=off|2018|10|6}}<br />{{ayd|2018|10|6}}
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| Judge of the [[United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit]] (2006–2018)
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| [[Anthony Kennedy|Kennedy]]
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|-
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| {{sort|02|[[File:Amy Coney Barrett.png|100px]]}}
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| '''{{Sortname|Amy Coney|Barrett}}'''<br />{{birth date and age|1972|1|28}}<br />[[New Orleans, Louisiana]]
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| {{sortname||Trump|Donald Trump|Trump, Donald}}
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| [[Amy Coney Barrett Supreme Court nomination|52–48]]
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| 48
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| {{age nts|1972|1|28}}
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| {{dts|link=off|2020|10|27}}<br />{{ayd|2020|10|27}}
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| Judge of the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit]] (2017–2020)
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| [[Ruth Bader Ginsburg|Ginsburg]]
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|-
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| {{sort|02|[[File:KBJackson.jpg|100px]]}}
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| '''{{Sortname|Ketanji Brown|Jackson}}'''<br />{{birth date and age|1970|9|14}}<br />[[Washington, D.C.]]
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| {{sortname||Biden|Joe Biden|Biden, Joe}}
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| [[Ketanji Brown Jackson Supreme Court nomination|53–47]]
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| 52
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| {{age nts|1970|9|14}}
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| {{dts|link=off|2022|6|30}}<br />{{ayd|2022|6|30}}
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| Judge of the [[United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit]] (2021–2022)
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| [[Stephen Breyer|Breyer]]
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|-
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! colspan=9 style="text-align: left;" | {{in5}}Source:{{nbsp}}<ref name=SCOTUScurrent>{{cite web|title=Current Members| website=www.supremecourt.gov|url=https://www.supremecourt.gov/about/biographies.aspx#BKavanaugh| publisher=Supreme Court of the United States| location=Washington, D.C.| accessdate=October 21, 2018}}</ref>
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|}
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== Associate Justice Of The Supreme Court Of The United States Media ==
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<gallery widths='160px' heights='100%' mode='traditional' caption=''>
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File:John Rutledge color painting.jpg|John Rutledge color painting
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File:WilliamCushing.jpg|:WilliamCushing
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File:JusticeJamesWilson.jpg|:JusticeJamesWilson
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File:John Blair (page 82 crop).jpg|*1937 November 27-1938 February
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File:JamesIredell.jpg|The official portrait of Supreme Court Justice James Iredell.
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File:Thomas Johnson (governor).jpeg|Portrait of Thomas Johnson (governor) by Charles Willson Peale in the Maryland State Archives, on display at Government House, Annap
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==How they are nominated==
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File:William Paterson copy.jpg|Portrait of William Paterson (1745–1806) when he was a Supreme Court Justice (1793–1806). This image is from a copy (by Stapoko) of the original by Sharples, as such it is derivative of Sharples work (copyright status inherits the original). The original portrait has been etched by Max Rosenthal and printed on p. 181 of The History of the Supreme Court of the United States in 1902;[1] the etchings collected and published by Thomas Addis Emmet (1828–1919) in his Emmet Collection of Manuscripts Etc.
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The President "shall nominate, and by and with the [[Advice and consent|Advice and Consent]] of the Senate, shall appoint... Judges of the supreme Court." Although the Constitution refers to them as "Judges of the Supreme Court," the title actually used is "Associate Justice," introduced in the [[Judiciary Act of 1789]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llac&fileName=002/llac002.db&recNum=481|title=A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774 - 1875|website=memory.loc.gov}}</ref> Associate justices were traditionally styled "Mr. Justice" in court opinions, but the title was shortened to "Justice" in 1980, a year before the first female justice was appointed.<ref name="Biskupic">Joan Biskupic, ''Sandra Day O'Connor: How the First Woman on the Supreme Court Became Its Most Influential Justice'' (New York: HarperCollins, 2005), 101.</ref>
     −
==Duties==
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File:Samuel Chase.jpg|:SamuelChase
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Each of the Justices of the Supreme Court has a single vote in deciding the cases argued before it; the Chief Justice's vote counts no more than that of any other Justice.
     −
==Succession process==
+
File:BushrodWashington.jpg|*Portrait of Bushrod Washington (1762–1829)
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Under [[Title 28 of the United States Code|28 USC]] [http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/28/3.html 3], when the Chief Justice is unable to discharge his functions, or that office is vacant, his duties are carried out by the most senior Associate Justice until the disability or the vacancy ends.
     −
==Current justices==
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File:AlfredMoore.jpg|Alfred Moore (1755-1810)
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'''The current Associate Justices are (in order of seniority):'''
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<gallery perrow="5" mode="packed" heights="175">
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File:Clarence Thomas official SCOTUS portrait.jpg| '''[[Clarence Thomas]]'''<br>(since 1991)
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File:Stephen Breyer, SCOTUS photo portrait.jpg| '''[[Stephen Breyer]]'''<br>(since 1994)<br>''(Retiring)''
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File:Samuel Alito official photo.jpg| '''[[Samuel Alito]]'''<br>(since 2006)
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File:Sonia Sotomayor in SCOTUS robe.jpg| '''[[Sonia Sotomayor]]'''<br>(since 2009)
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File:Elena Kagan Official SCOTUS Portrait (2013).jpg| '''[[Elena Kagan]]'''<br>(since 2010)
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File:Associate Justice Neil Gorsuch Official Portrait.jpg|'''[[Neil Gorsuch]]'''<br>(since 2017)
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File:Associate Justice Brett Kavanaugh Official Portrait.jpg|'''[[Brett Kavanaugh]]'''<br>(since 2018)
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File:Amy Coney Barrett.png|'''[[Amy Coney Barrett]]'''<br>(since 2020)
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File:Ketanji Brown Jackson CADC (cropped).jpg|'''[[Ketanji Brown Jackson]]'''<br>(designate; since 2022)
   
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
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== References ==
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==References==
   
{{reflist}}
 
{{reflist}}
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== Other websites ==
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==Other websites==
   
*[http://supct.law.cornell.edu/supct/cases/judges.htm Historic collection of Supreme Court decisions and biographies] indexed by judge name
 
*[http://supct.law.cornell.edu/supct/cases/judges.htm Historic collection of Supreme Court decisions and biographies] indexed by judge name
  
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