Changes

{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2020}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2020}}

{{Infobox officeholder

{{Infobox officeholder

|image = Calvin_Coolidge_cph.3g10777_(cropped).jpg

| image               = Calvin_Coolidge_cph.3g10777_(cropped).jpg

|order = 30th

| order               = 30th

|office = President of the United States

| office             = President of the United States

|term_start = August 2, 1923

| term_start         = August 2, 1923

|term_end = March 4, 1929

| term_end           = March 4, 1929

|vicepresident = ''None'' (1923–1925){{Efn|Coolidge was Vice President under [[Warren G. Harding]] and became President upon Harding's death on August 2, 1923. As this was prior to the adoption of the [[25th Amendment to the United States Constitution|Twenty-Fifth Amendment]] in 1967, a vacancy in the office of Vice President was not filled until the next ensuing election and inauguration.}}<br />{{nowrap|[[Charles G. Dawes]] (1925–1929)}}

| vicepresident       = ''None'' (1923–1925){{Efn|Coolidge was Vice President under [[Warren G. Harding]] and became President upon Harding's death on August 2, 1923. As this was prior to the adoption of the [[25th Amendment to the United States Constitution|Twenty-Fifth Amendment]] in 1967, a vacancy in the office of Vice President was not filled until the next ensuing election and inauguration.}}<br />{{nowrap|[[Charles G. Dawes]] (1925–1929)}}

|predecessor = [[Warren G. Harding]]

| predecessor         = [[Warren G. Harding]]

|successor = [[Herbert Hoover]]

| successor           = [[Herbert Hoover]]

|office2 = 29th [[Vice President of the United States]]

| office2             = 29th [[Vice President of the United States]]

|term_start2 = March 4, 1921

| term_start2         = March 4, 1921

|term_end2 = August 2, 1923

| term_end2           = August 2, 1923

|president2 = Warren G. Harding

| president2         = Warren G. Harding

|predecessor2 = [[Thomas R. Marshall]]

| predecessor2       = [[Thomas R. Marshall]]

|successor2 = [[Charles Dawes]]

| successor2         = [[Charles G. Dawes]]

|order3 = 48th [[Governor of Massachusetts#List of Governors|Governor of Massachusetts]]

| order3             = 48th [[Governor of Massachusetts#List of Governors|Governor of Massachusetts]]

|lieutenant3 = Channing H. Cox

| lieutenant3         = Channing H. Cox

|term_start3 = January 2, 1919

| term_start3         = January 2, 1919

|term_end3 = January 6, 1921

| term_end3           = January 6, 1921

|predecessor3 = [[Samuel W. McCall]]

| predecessor3       = [[Samuel W. McCall]]

|successor3 = [[Channing H. Cox]]

| successor3         = [[Channing H. Cox]]

|office4 = 46th [[Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts]]

| office4             = 46th [[Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts]]

|governor4 = [[Samuel W. McCall]]

| governor4           = [[Samuel W. McCall]]

|term_start4 = January 6, 1916

| term_start4         = January 6, 1916

|term_end4 = January 2, 1919

| term_end4           = January 2, 1919

|predecessor4 = [[Grafton D. Cushing]]

| predecessor4       = [[Grafton D. Cushing]]

|successor4 = Channing H. Cox

| successor4         = Channing H. Cox

|office5 = [[President of the Massachusetts Senate]]

| office5             = [[President of the Massachusetts Senate]]

|term_start5 = 1914

| term_start5         = 1914

|term_end5 = 1915

| term_end5           = 1915

|preceded5 = [[Levi H. Greenwood]]

| preceded5           = [[Levi H. Greenwood]]

|succeeded5 = [[Henry Gordon Wells]]

| succeeded5         = [[Henry Gordon Wells]]

|office6 = [[Massachusetts Senate#Members|Member of the Massachusetts Senate]]

| office6             = [[Massachusetts Senate#Members|Member of the Massachusetts Senate]]

|term_start6 = 1912

| term_start6         = 1912

|term_end6 = 1915

| term_end6           = 1915

|predecessor6 = [[Allen T. Treadway]]

| predecessor6       = [[Allen T. Treadway]]

|successor6 = John B. Hull

| successor6         = John B. Hull

|constituency6 = Berkshire, Hampden, and Hampshire District

| constituency6       = Berkshire, Hampden, and Hampshire District

|office7 = Mayor of [[Northampton, Massachusetts]]

| office7             = Mayor of [[Northampton, Massachusetts]]

|term_start7 = 1910

| term_start7         = 1910

|term_end7 = 1911

| term_end7           = 1911

|predecessor7 = James W. O'Brien

| predecessor7       = James W. O'Brien

|successor7 = William Feiker

| successor7         = William Feiker

|office8 = [[Massachusetts House of Representatives#Members|Member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives]]

| office8             = [[Massachusetts House of Representatives#Members|Member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives]]

|term_start8 = 1907

| term_start8         = 1907

|term_end8 = 1908

| term_end8           = 1908

|predecessor8 = Moses M. Bassett

| predecessor8       = Moses M. Bassett

|successor8 = Charles A. Montgomery

| successor8         = Charles A. Montgomery

|birth_name = John Calvin Coolidge Jr.

| birth_name         = John Calvin Coolidge Jr.

|birth_date = {{birth date|1872|7|4}}

| birth_date         = {{birth date|1872|7|4}}

|birth_place = [[Plymouth Notch, Vermont]]

| birth_place         = [[Plymouth Notch, Vermont]]

|death_date = {{death date and age|1933|1|5|1872|7|4}}

| death_date         = {{death date and age|1933|1|5|1872|7|4}}

|death_place = [[Northampton, Massachusetts]]

| death_place         = [[Northampton, Massachusetts]]

|death_cause = [[Heart attack]]{{sfn|Greenberg|2006|pp=154–55}}

| death_cause         = [[Heart attack]]{{sfn|Greenberg|2006|pp=154–55}}

|restingplace = [[Plymouth Notch Cemetery]]

| restingplace       = [[Plymouth Notch Cemetery]]

|party = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]

| party               = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]

|parents = {{plain list|

| parents             = {{plain list|

* [[John Calvin Coolidge Sr.]]

* [[John Calvin Coolidge Sr.]]

* Victoria Josephine Moor

* Victoria Josephine Moor

}}

}}

|spouse = {{marriage|[[Grace Coolidge|Grace Goodhue]]|October 4, 1905}}

| spouse             = {{marriage|[[Grace Coolidge|Grace Goodhue]]|October 4, 1905}}

|children = {{hlist|[[John Coolidge|John]]|Calvin Jr.}}

| children           = {{hlist|[[John Coolidge|John]]|Calvin Jr.}}

|alma_mater = [[Amherst College]]

| alma_mater         = [[Amherst College]]

|profession = Politician, lawyer

| profession         = Politician, lawyer

|signature = C Coolidge signature.svg

| signature           = C Coolidge signature.svg

|signature_alt = Cursive signature in ink

| signature_alt       = Cursive signature in ink

}}

}}

'''Calvin Coolidge''' (born '''John Calvin Coolidge Jr.'''; July 4, 1872 &ndash; January 5, 1933) was the 30th [[president of the United States]] between 1923 and 1929. He was a [[Conservatives in the United States|conservative]] who supported business and lower taxes.<ref name=":0" />

'''Calvin Coolidge''' (born '''John Calvin Coolidge Jr.'''; July 4, 1872 &ndash; January 5, 1933) was the 30th [[president of the United States]] between 1923 and 1929. He was a [[Conservatives in the United States|conservative]] who supported business and lower taxes.<ref name=":0" />

== Family life ==

== Family life ==

He was the only president of the United States to be born on July 4.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.historyrocket.com/American-History/political-history/calvin-coolidge/Interesting-Facts-About-Calvin-Coolidge.html|title=Interesting Facts About Calvin Coolidge|publisher=History Rocket.com|accessdate=November 4, 2013}}</ref> He was married to [[Grace Coolidge]] and had 2 children: John Calvin Coolidge III (born September 6, 1906 - died May 31, 2000) and John [[John Calvin Coolidge IV|Calvin Jr.]] (born April 13, 1908 - died July 7, 1924). His younger son John Calvin Coolidge IV died at 16 while playing tennis at the [[White House]]. His son was wearing tennis shoes without socks and died from a toe infection. He was buried at the foot of Hill Cemetery. After this, President Coolidge may have been [[Depression (mental illness)|depressed]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Beatty|first=Jack|date=2003-12-31|title=President Coolidge's Burden|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2003/12/president-coolidges-burden/303175/|access-date=2020-09-16|website=The Atlantic|language=en-US}}</ref>

He was the only president of the United States to be born on July 4.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.historyrocket.com/American-History/political-history/calvin-coolidge/Interesting-Facts-About-Calvin-Coolidge.html|title=Interesting Facts About Calvin Coolidge|publisher=History Rocket.com|accessdate=November 4, 2013}}</ref> He was married to [[Grace Coolidge]] and had 2 children: John Calvin Coolidge III (born September 6, 1906 - died May 31, 2000) and John [[John Calvin Coolidge IV|Calvin Jr.]] (born April 13, 1908 - died July 7, 1924). His younger son John Calvin Coolidge IV died at 16 while playing tennis at the [[White House]]. His son was wearing tennis shoes without socks and died from a toe infection. He was buried at the foot of Hill Cemetery. After this, President Coolidge may have been [[Depression (mental illness)|depressed]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Beatty|first=Jack|date=2003-12-31|title=President Coolidge's Burden|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2003/12/president-coolidges-burden/303175/|access-date=2020-09-16|website=The Atlantic|language=en-US}}</ref>

== Political career ==

== Political career ==

Coolidge served as the Mayor of [[Northampton, Massachusetts]]. He later served as the [[Governor of Massachusetts]]. As governor, he became famous because of his response during the Boston Police Strike. Coolidge fired the police who went on strike and gave the jobs to unemployed World War 1 veterans (he gave the same bonuses that the striking policemen asked for to the veterans).

Coolidge served as the Mayor of [[Northampton, Massachusetts]]. He later served as the [[Governor of Massachusetts]]. As governor, he became famous because of his response during the Boston Police Strike. Coolidge fired the police who went on strike and gave the jobs to unemployed World War 1 veterans (he gave the same bonuses that the striking policemen asked for to the veterans).

Coolidge finished Harding's term and was elected in 1924 to continue to be the country's president.

Coolidge finished Harding's term and was elected in 1924 to continue to be the country's president.

Coolidge was president during a prosperous economy and the country did not face many challenges. He believed that the federal government should be as small as possible. He supported tax cuts and wanted the federal government to not intervene in the economy. Some think this is linked to the [[Great Depression]].

Coolidge was president during a prosperous economy and the country did not face many challenges. He believed that the federal government should be as small as possible. He supported tax cuts and wanted the federal government to not intervene in the economy.

Coolidge was criticized for refusing to give [[subsidy|subsidies]] to farmers and when a giant flood happened in Mississippi during 1927, he did not want the federal government to be involved. This was part of his belief of [[federalism]], that the country's problems should be solved mainly by state governments and local governments rather than the federal government.  

Coolidge was criticized for refusing to give [[subsidy|subsidies]] to farmers and when a giant flood happened in Mississippi during 1927, he did not want the federal government to be involved. This was part of his belief of [[federalism]], that the country's problems should be solved mainly by state governments and local governments rather than the federal government.  

He did not run for re-election in 1928 and published [[The Autobiography of Calvin Coolidge|his autobiography]] the following year.

He did not run for re-election in 1928 and published [[The Autobiography of Calvin Coolidge|his autobiography]] the following year. he died of a heart attack in Massachusetts at age 60

The legacy of Calvin Coolidge is mixed. People who support more federal government involvement in the economy do not like him. People who support less federal government involvement in the economy like him.

The legacy of Calvin Coolidge is mixed. People who support more federal government involvement in the economy do not like him. People who support less federal government involvement in the economy like him.

File:Coolidge family LCCN2014716433.jpg|Coolidge with his family ({{Circa|1915}})

Calvin Coolidge was nicknamed "Silent Cal" because he did not talk much. There is a story that at a dinner party, a woman once told Coolidge that she could get more than two words out of him, to which he replied "You lose."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Af8DAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA20&dq=calvin+coolidge+%22you+lose%22+%22two+words+out+of+you%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi3jJam-I3wAhXPi54KHdAlB0YQ6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=calvin+coolidge+%22you+lose%22+%22two+words+out+of+you%22&f=false|title=Boys' Life|first=Boy Scouts of America|last=Inc|publisher=Boy Scouts of America, Inc.|via=Google Books}}</ref>

 

File:Coolidge inspects militia.jpg|Coolidge inspects militia in Boston police strike

 

File:Warren G. Harding presidential campaign button.jpg|An original Harding-Coolidge campaign button

 

File:HardingCoolidge.jpg|President Harding and Vice President Coolidge with their wives

 

File:CalvinCoolidgeimmigration3.jpg|President Coolidge signing appropriation bills for the Veterans Bureau on the South Lawn during the garden party for wounded veterans, June 5, 1924. General [[John J. Pershing]] is at left. The man at right, looking on, appears to be Veterans Bureau Director [[Frank T. Hines]].

 

File:ElectoralCollege1924.svg|1924 electoral vote results

==Notes==

== Notes ==

{{notelist}}

{{notelist}}

== References ==

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{reflist}}

== Other websites ==

== Other websites ==

* [http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/cc30.html Coolidge's White House biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050618053940/http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/cc30.html |date=2005-06-18 }}

* [http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/cc30.html Coolidge's White House biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050618053940/http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/cc30.html |date=2005-06-18 }}

{{USVicePresidents}}

{{USVicePresidents}}

{{MAGovernors}}

{{MAGovernors}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Coolidge, Calvin}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Coolidge, Calvin}}

[[Category:Calvin Coolidge| ]]

[[Category:Calvin Coolidge| ]]

[[Category:Deaths from coronary thrombosis]]

[[Category:Deaths from coronary thrombosis]]

[[Category:US Republican Party politicians]]

[[Category:Republican Party (United States) politicians]]

[[Category:Governors of Massachusetts]]

[[Category:Governors of Massachusetts]]

[[Category:Politicians from Vermont]]

[[Category:Politicians from Vermont]]

[[Category:20th-century American politicians]]

[[Category:20th-century American politicians]]

[[Category:Massachusetts Republicans]]

[[Category:Massachusetts Republicans]]