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Line 40: − + − − Under this dynasty the [[Moors|Moorish]] empire included present-day [[Morocco]], [[Western Sahara]], [[Mauritania]], [[Gibraltar]], [[Tlemcen]] (in [[Algeria]]) and a great part of what is now [[Senegal]] and [[Mali]] in the south, and [[Spain]] and [[Portugal]] to the north in [[Europe]]. At its greatest extent, the empire stretched 3,000 kilometres north to south (an all-time latitude spanner until [[Spanish colonization of the Americas|Spanish America]]). + Line 52:
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KS update 1.3
|s14=Aroudant
|s14=Aroudant
|s15=Taifa of Valencia
|s15=Taifa of Valencia
|image_flag = Flag of Almohad Dynasty.svg
|image_flag = Flag of Morocco 1073 1147.svg
|image_map = Almoravid Empire.png
|image_map = Almoravid Empire.png
|image_map_caption = Map showing the extent of the Almoravid empire
|image_map_caption = Map showing the extent of the Almoravid empire
|common_languages = [[Berber languages]] (predominant), [[Classical Arabic]], [[Mozarab]], [[Hebrew language]], [[African Romance]] & [[Andalusian Arabic]]
|common_languages = [[Berber languages]] (predominant), [[Classical Arabic]], [[Mozarab]], [[Hebrew language]], [[African Romance]] & [[Andalusian Arabic]]
|religion = [[Maliki|Malikite Islam]] (predominant), [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]], [[Ibadi]], [[Judaism]] & [[Sufism]]
|religion = [[Maliki]] [[Sunni Islam]] (predominant and official state religion), [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]], [[Ibadi]], [[Judaism]] & [[Sufism]]
|capital = [[Aghmat]] (1040-1062), [[Marrakech]](1062-1147) & [[Córdoba, Spain|Córdoba]]
|capital = [[Aghmat]] (1040-1062), [[Marrakech]](1062-1147) & [[Córdoba, Spain|Córdoba]]
|government_type = Caliphate
|government_type = Caliphate
}}
}}
The '''Almoravids''' were a [[Berbers|Berber]]<ref>Glick, Thomas F. ''Islamic And Christian Spain in the Early Middle Ages''. (2005) Brill Academic Publishers page 37</ref> dynasty from the [[Sahara]] that ruled over a wide area of [[North Africa|northwestern Africa]] and the [[Iberian peninsula]] during the 11th century.
The '''Almoravids''' were a [[Berbers|Berber]] [[Islam|Muslim]]<ref>Glick, Thomas F. ''Islamic And Christian Spain in the Early Middle Ages''. (2005) Brill Academic Publishers page 37</ref> dynasty from the [[Mauritania]]n [[Sahara]] that ruled over a wide area of [[North Africa|northwestern Africa]] and the [[Iberian Peninsula]] during the 11th century.
Under this dynasty the [[Islam|Western Islamic]] empire included present-day [[Morocco]], [[Western Sahara]], [[Mauritania]], [[Gibraltar]], [[Tlemcen]] (in [[Algeria]]) and a great part of what is now [[Senegal]] and [[Mali]] in the south, and [[Spain]] and [[Portugal]] to the north in [[Europe]]. At its greatest extent, the empire stretched 3,000 kilometres from [[Zaragoza]] in the north to [[Senegal]] in the south (an all-time latitude spanner until [[Spanish colonization of the Americas|Spanish America]]). The Almoravids originated as a [[Sunni Islam]]ic revivalist movement in present day northern [[Mauritania]] and gradually evolved into a military confederation. The Almoravids started to subjugate [[Senegal]] and then started expanding northwards. They first captured southern and central [[Morocco]] and then took [[Marrakesh]] and started to proclaim themselves as an Islamic caliphate. They gathered many soldiers from the [[Tuareg]] tribe of [[Berbers]]. They then completed the conquest of Morocco by conquering the northern tip of Morocco and reached [[Ceuta]]. After conquering Morocco, they established their power base in Morocco rather than their original home, Mauritania. This was due to the isolation of Mauritania and the urbaneness of Morocco perfect for ruling empires. They then began to rule from Morocco after completing the conquest of the country and continued to further expand. Due to calls of help from the [[Al-Andalus|Andalusian]] [[taifa]]s in [[Iberia]], they expanded into Iberia and conquered the territory of the Islamic taifas there. After their conquest, they implemented [[Sharia law]] in all of their conquered territories. They proclaimed a ''[[jihad]]'' against the Christian Iberian kingdoms and met them at the Battle of Sagrajas where they decisively crushed the Christian army turning the tide of the ''[[Reconquista]]''. The Almoravids veiled themselves below the eyes with a tagelmust, a custom they adapted from southern Sanhaja [[Berbers]]. (This can still be seen among the modern [[Tuareg people]], but it was unusual further north.) Although practical for the desert dust, the Almoravids insisted on wearing the veil everywhere, as a badge of "foreignness" in urban settings, partly as a way of emphasizing their nomadic origins. It served as the uniform of the Almoravids. They wore the veil covering their entire face with the exception of their eyes due to their nomadic desert [[Sahara]]n origins. The empire reached its territorial extent under the reigns of Yusuf ibn Tashfin and Ali ibn Yusuf.
== Rulers ==
== Rulers ==
* Abdallah ibn Yasin (1040-1059)
* Abdallah ibn Yasin (1040-1059)
* Ishaq ibn Ali (1146–1147)
* Ishaq ibn Ali (1146–1147)
==Related pages==
== Almoravid Dynasty Media ==
<gallery widths='160px' heights='100%' mode='traditional' caption=''>
File:Camel Rider 1413 Mecia Viladestes map.jpg|A 15th century depiction of the 11th century Almoravid general [[Abu Bakr ibn Umar]] ("Rex Bubecar") near the [[Senegal River]] in 1413 Majorcan chart. Abu Bakr was known for his conquests in Africa.
File:Almoravid_gold_dinar_coin_from_Seville,_Spain,_1116_British_Museum.png|An [[Almoravid dinar]] coin from [[Seville]], 1116. ([[British Museum]]); the Almoravid [[gold dinar]] would set the standard of the Iberian ''[[maravedí]]''.
File:Grifo-museo-opera-duomo (cropped) (cropped).jpg|The [[Pisa Griffin]], believed to have originated in 11th century Iberia.
File:Stele Almeria Gao-Saney MNM R88-19-279 (cropped).jpg|A stele found at [[Gao-Saney]] believed to have been created in [[Almería]] during the Almoravid period. Now located at the [[National Museum of Mali]].
File:Fragment with wrestling lions and harpies - Google Art Project (cropped).jpg|Fragment of the shroud of San Pedro de Osma, early 12th century: the imagery features pairs of lions and harpies, surrounded by men holding griffins
File:مصحف_مرابطي_أو_موحدي_03.jpg|An illuminated Quran manuscript in florid [[Kufic]] and [[Maghrebi script]].
File:المنبر المرابطي 21 44 14 447000.jpeg|Detail of the [[Minbar of the Kutubiyya Mosque|Almoravid minbar]], commissioned by [[Ali ibn Yusuf|Ali Bin Yusuf Bin Tashfin al-Murabiti]] 1137 for his great mosque in Marrakesh.
File:Marrakesh 02 054 (4826882276).jpg|In their North African constructions, the Almoravids explored the use of [[Foil (architecture)|cusping]] to make arches more decorative, as seen here in the [[Almoravid Qubba]] in Marrakesh.
File:Túmulo_do_poeta_português_(nascido_em_Beja)_Al-Mu’tamid.jpg|A plaque at the burial place of the Poet King [[Al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad]], interred 1095 in [[Aghmat]], [[Morocco]].
</gallery>
== Related pages ==
* [[History of Islam]]
* [[History of Islam]]
* [[History of Spain]]
* [[History of Spain]]
== References ==
== References ==
<references/>
<references/>
* ''General History of Africa, Africa from the Seventh to the Eleventh Century'', Ed. M. Elfasi, Ch. 13 I.Hrbek and J.Devisse, The Almoravids (pp. 336–366), UNESCO, 1988
* ''General History of Africa, Africa from the Seventh to the Eleventh Century'', Ed. M. Elfasi, Ch. 13 I.Hrbek and J.Devisse, The Almoravids (pp. 336–366), UNESCO, 1988
* {{1911}}
* {{1911}}
== Other websites ==
== Other websites ==
* [http://www.worldhistoricalatlas.com Historical maps of Almoravid Dynasty]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Maps to be combined and compared
* [http://www.worldhistoricalatlas.com Historical maps of Almoravid Dynasty]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Maps to be combined and compared
[[Category:Former empires]]
[[Category:Former empires]]
[[Category:Former countries in Africa]]
[[Category:Former countries in Europe]]
[[Category:Former countries in Europe]]
[[Category:Royal dynasties]]
[[Category:Royal dynasties]]
[[Category:1040 establishments]]
[[Category:1040 establishments]]
[[Category:12th century disestablishments in Africa]]
[[Category:12th-century disestablishments in Africa]]
[[Category:12th century disestablishments in Europe]]
[[Category:12th-century disestablishments in Europe]]
[[Category:11th-century establishments in Africa]]
[[Category:11th-century establishments in Africa]]
[[Category:11th century establishments in Europe]]
[[Category:11th-century establishments in Europe]]
[[Category:1147 disestablishments]]
[[Category:1147 disestablishments]]