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List of countries in the 1970s (view source)

Revision as of 05:11, 6 September 2023

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This is a '''list of countries in the 1970s''', giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 1970 and 31 December 1979. It contains 191 entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and [[Diplomatic recognition|recognition]] of their [[sovereignty]]. It includes 166 widely-recognized sovereign states (including 4 associated states that gained full independence, 4 states which were initially unrecognized but then gained full recognition later in the decade, and 1 state which was initially widely-recognized but then lost full recognition later in the decade), 2 constituent republics of another sovereign state that were UN members on their own right, 12 entities which claim an effective sovereignty but are considered ''[[de facto]]'' dependencies of other powers by the general international community, 4 associated states, and 7 transitional states.

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{{Compact ~~ToC~~|o=|q=|w=|x=|z=|pre1=Sovereign states|custom1=Other entities|seealso=yes|notes=yes}}

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{{Compact TOC|o=|q=|w=|x=|z=|pre1=Sovereign states|custom1=Other entities|seealso=yes|notes=yes}}

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== Sovereign states ==

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==Sovereign states==

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{| border="0" cellpadding="0" style="text-align:left; font-size'':100%; border-collapse'':collapse; border'':0 solid #aaa;"

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{|border="0" cellpadding="0" style="text-align:left; font-size'': 100%; border-collapse'': collapse; border'': ~~0px~~ solid #~~AAAAAA~~;"

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!width=60%|Name and capital city

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== A ==

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=== A ===

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|valign=top|{{flagdeco|Afghanistan|1930}} → {{flagicon image|Flag of Afghanistan 1973.svg}} → {{flagicon image|Flag_of_Afghanistan_(1974–1978).svg}} → {{flagicon image|Flag_of_Afghanistan_(1978).svg}} → {{flagicon image|Flag_of_Afghanistan_(1978-1980).svg}} '''Afghanistan''' {{capital|Kabul}}

* [[Kingdom of Afghanistan]] {{Nowrap|(to 17 July 1973)}}{{Efn|name=AFG_king|[[Mohammed Daoud Khan]] overthrew [[Mohammed Zahir Shah]] on 17 July 1973 and proclaimed a new state known as the "Republic of Afghanistan".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2003/07/mil-030718-rfel-161140.htm|title=Afghanistan: History Of 1973 Coup Sheds Light On Relations With Pakistan|website=www.globalsecurity.org}}</ref>}}

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* [[Republic of Afghanistan]] {{Nowrap|(from 17 July 1973 to 30 April 1978)}}{{efn|name=AFG_king}}{{Efn|name=AFG_dem|Following a [[Saur Revolution|coup d'etat]] on 27 April 1978, the [[Revolutionary Council (Afghanistan)|Revolutionary Council]] of Afghanistan declared a new state called the "Democratic Republic of Afghanistan" with [[Nur Muhammad Taraki]] as its president.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gl.iit.edu/govdocs/afghanistan/ARevolutionBackfires.html |title=~~Archived copy~~ |access-date=2009-06-04 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090604210623/http://www.gl.iit.edu/govdocs/afghanistan/ARevolutionBackfires.html |archive-date=2009-06-04 }}</ref>}}

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* [[Republic of Afghanistan]] {{Nowrap|(from 17 July 1973 to 30 April 1978)}}{{efn|name=AFG_king}}{{Efn|name=AFG_dem|Following a [[Saur Revolution|coup d'etat]] on 27 April 1978, the [[Revolutionary Council (Afghanistan)|Revolutionary Council]] of Afghanistan declared a new state called the "Democratic Republic of Afghanistan" with [[Nur Muhammad Taraki]] as its president.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gl.iit.edu/govdocs/afghanistan/ARevolutionBackfires.html |title=A Revolution Backfires|access-date=2009-06-04 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090604210623/http://www.gl.iit.edu/govdocs/afghanistan/ARevolutionBackfires.html |archive-date=2009-06-04 }}</ref>}}

* [[Democratic Republic of Afghanistan]] {{Nowrap|(from 30 April 1978)}}{{efn|name=AFG_dem}}

{{extent}}Widely-recognized [[United Nations|UN]] member state; Afghanistan was occupied by the Soviet Union from 27 December 1979.

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|valign=top|'''{{flagdeco|Angola}} [[People's Republic of Angola|Angola]]''' – People's Republic of Angola {{Nowrap|(from 11 November 1975)}}{{Efn|Angola gained independence from Portugal on 11 November 1975.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/angola/|title=Africa :: Angola — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov}}</ref>}} {{capital|Luanda}}

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|valign=top|'''{{flagdeco|Angola}} [[People's Republic of Angola|Angola]]''' – People's Republic of Angola {{Nowrap|(from 11 November 1975)}}{{Efn|Angola gained independence from Portugal on 11 November 1975.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/angola/|title=Africa :: Angola — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov|date=11 February 2022}}</ref>}} {{capital|Luanda}}

{{extent}}Widely-recognized independent state; [[United Nations|UN]] member state from 1 December 1976.

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|valign=top|'''{{flagdeco|Antigua and Barbuda}} [[Antigua]]''' {{~~capitalname~~|St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda|St. John's}}

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|valign=top|'''{{flagdeco|Antigua and Barbuda}} [[Antigua]]''' {{Capital|St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda|St. John's}}

{{extent}}[[West Indies Associated States|Associated state]] of the [[#U|United Kingdom]]. Antigua had two dependencies, [[Barbuda]] (from 23 December 1976) and [[Redonda]].

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== B ==

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=== B ===

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|valign=top|'''{{flag|The Bahamas}}''' – Commonwealth of the Bahamas {{Nowrap|(from 10 July 1973)}}{{Efn|The Bahamas gained independence from the United Kingdom on 10 July 1973.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bahamas-the/|title=Central America :: Bahamas, The|work=The World Factbook|location=Virginia|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref>}} {{~~capitalname~~|Nassau, Bahamas|Nassau}}

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|valign=top|'''{{flag|The Bahamas}}''' – Commonwealth of the Bahamas {{Nowrap|(from 10 July 1973)}}{{Efn|The Bahamas gained independence from the United Kingdom on 10 July 1973.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bahamas-the/|title=Central America :: Bahamas, The|work=The World Factbook|date=11 February 2022|location=Virginia|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref>}} {{Capital|Nassau, Bahamas|Nassau}}

{{extent}}Widely-recognized independent state; [[United Nations|UN]] member state from 18 September 1973. [[Commonwealth realm]].

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|valign=top|'''{{flagdeco|Bahrain|1932}} → {{flagicon image|Flag of Bahrain 1972.svg}} [[State of Bahrain|Bahrain]]''' – State of Bahrain {{Nowrap|(from 15 August 1971)}}{{efn|The British Protectorate over Bahrain came to an end on 15 August 1971.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bahrain/|title=Middle East :: Bahrain — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov}}</ref>}} {{capital|Manama}}

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|valign=top|'''{{flagdeco|Bahrain|1932}} → {{flagicon image|Flag of Bahrain 1972.svg}} [[State of Bahrain|Bahrain]]''' – State of Bahrain {{Nowrap|(from 15 August 1971)}}{{efn|The British Protectorate over Bahrain came to an end on 15 August 1971.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bahrain/|title=Middle East :: Bahrain — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov|date=14 February 2022}}</ref>}} {{capital|Manama}}

{{extent}}Widely-recognized independent state; [[United Nations|UN]] member state from 21 September 1971.

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|~~valign=top~~ colspan=2 style="font-size: 100%;"|Benin {{arrow}} [[#D|Dahomey]]

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| colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top; font-size:100%;"|Benin {{arrow}} [[#D|Dahomey]]

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== C ==

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=== C ===

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|valign=top|'''{{flagicon image|Flag of Cabinda.svg}} [[Republic of Cabinda|Cabinda]]''' – Republic of Cabinda {{Nowrap|(from 1 August 1975 to 11 November 1975)}}{{Efn|Cabinda declared independence from the Portuguese overseas province Angola on 1 August 1975. It was annexed by the independent state of Angola on 11 November 1975.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/mar/chronology.asp?groupId=54003 |title=~~Archived copy~~ |access-date=2010-06-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601165655/http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/mar/chronology.asp?groupId=54003 |archive-date=2010-06-01 }}</ref>}} {{~~capitalname~~|Cabinda (city)|Cabinda}}

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|valign=top|'''{{flagicon image|Flag of Cabinda.svg}} [[Republic of Cabinda|Cabinda]]''' – Republic of Cabinda {{Nowrap|(from 1 August 1975 to 11 November 1975)}}{{Efn|Cabinda declared independence from the Portuguese overseas province Angola on 1 August 1975. It was annexed by the independent state of Angola on 11 November 1975.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/mar/chronology.asp?groupId=54003 |title=Chronology for Cabinda in Angola |access-date=2010-06-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601165655/http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/mar/chronology.asp?groupId=54003 |archive-date=2010-06-01 }}</ref>}} {{Capital|Cabinda (city)|Cabinda}}

{{extent}}''De facto'' independent state. Claimed by Portugal (to 11 November 1975) and [[Angola]] (on 11 November 1975).

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|valign=top|'''{{flagdeco|Cameroon|1961}} → {{flag|Cameroon}}''' {{capital|Yaoundé}}

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* Federal Republic of Cameroon {{Nowrap|(to 2 June 1972)}}{{efn|name=CAM|Cameroon adopted its constitution on 2 June 1972.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://democratie.francophonie.org/IMG/pdf/Cameroun.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051016070830/http://democratie.francophonie.org/IMG/pdf/Cameroun.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 October 2005|date=16 October 2005}}</ref>}}

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* Federal Republic of Cameroon {{Nowrap|(to 2 June 1972)}}{{efn|name=CAM|Cameroon adopted its constitution on 2 June 1972.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://democratie.francophonie.org/IMG/pdf/Cameroun.pdf|title=Cameroun : Constitution du 02 juin 1972|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051016070830/http://democratie.francophonie.org/IMG/pdf/Cameroun.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 October 2005|date=16 October 2005}}</ref>}}

* United Republic of Cameroon {{Nowrap|(from 2 June 1972)}}{{efn|name=CAM}}

{{extent}}Widely-recognized [[United Nations|UN]] member state. Until 2 June 1972, Cameroon was a [[federation]] of two regions.<ref>2 regions: [[Cameroun|East Cameroun]] and [[Southern Cameroons|West Cameroun]].</ref>

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|valign=top|'''{{flag|Cape Verde|1975}}''' – Republic of Cape Verde {{Nowrap|(from 5 July 1975)}}{{Efn|Cape Verde attained independence from Portugal on 5 July 1975.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cabo-verde/|title=Africa :: Cabo Verde — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov}}</ref>}} {{capital|Praia}}

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|valign=top|'''{{flag|Cape Verde|1975}}''' – Republic of Cape Verde {{Nowrap|(from 5 July 1975)}}{{Efn|Cape Verde attained independence from Portugal on 5 July 1975.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cabo-verde/|title=Africa :: Cabo Verde — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov|date=11 February 2022}}</ref>}} {{capital|Praia}}

{{extent}}Widely-recognized independent state. [[United Nations|UN]] member state (from 16 September 1975).

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|valign=top|'''{{flag|Chile}}''' – Republic of Chile {{~~capitalname~~|Santiago, Chile|Santiago}}

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|valign=top|'''{{flag|Chile}}''' – Republic of Chile {{Capital|Santiago, Chile|Santiago}}

{{extent}}Widely-recognized [[United Nations|UN]] member state. It had a claim over [[Chilean Antarctic Territory]], which is suspended under the [[Antarctic Treaty]].

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|valign=top|'''{{flagicon image|Flag of the Comoros (~~1963 to 1975~~).svg}} → {{flagicon image|Flag of Comoros (~~1975-1978~~).svg}} → {{flag|Comoros|1978}}''' {{~~capitalname~~|Moroni, Comoros|Moroni}}

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|valign=top|'''{{flagicon image|Flag of the Comoros (1963–1975).svg}} → {{flagicon image|Flag of the Comoros (1975–1978).svg}} → {{flag|Comoros|1978}}''' {{Capital|Moroni, Comoros|Moroni}}

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* State of the Comoros {{Nowrap|(from 6 July 1975 to 1 October 1978)}}{{Efn|The Comoros became independent from France on 6 July 1975.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/comoros/|title=Africa :: Comoros — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov}}</ref>}}{{efn|name=COM|The Comoros enacted a new constitution on 1 October 1978.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/ERC/bgnotes/af/comoros9204.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306025708/http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/ERC/bgnotes/af/comoros9204.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 March 2012|title=Background Notes: Comoros|date=6 March 2012}}</ref>}}

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* State of the Comoros {{Nowrap|(from 6 July 1975 to 1 October 1978)}}{{Efn|The Comoros became independent from France on 6 July 1975.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/comoros/|title=Africa :: Comoros — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov|date=15 February 2022}}</ref>}}{{efn|name=COM|The Comoros enacted a new constitution on 1 October 1978.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/ERC/bgnotes/af/comoros9204.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306025708/http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/ERC/bgnotes/af/comoros9204.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 March 2012|title=Background Notes: Comoros|date=6 March 2012}}</ref>}}

* Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros {{Nowrap|(from 1 October 1978)}}{{Efn|name=COM}}

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{{extent}}''De facto'' independent state. Claimed by France to 31 December 1975; widely-recognized state from 12 November 1975. [[United Nations|UN]] member state from 12 November 1975. After 24 May 1978, the Comoros was a [[federation]] of three islands.<br>3 Islands: [[Anjouan]], [[Grande Comore]], [[Mohéli]].~~</ref>~~ Comoros claimed sovereignty over the [[French overseas territories]] of [[Mayotte]] and the [[Glorioso Islands]]. It also claimed [[Banc du Geyser]] (disputed by [[Madagascar]] and France).

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{{extent}}''De facto'' independent state. Claimed by France to 31 December 1975; widely-recognized state from 12 November 1975. [[United Nations|UN]] member state from 12 November 1975. After 24 May 1978, the Comoros was a [[federation]] of three islands.<br>3 Islands: [[Anjouan]], [[Grande Comore]], [[Mohéli]]. Comoros claimed sovereignty over the [[French overseas territories]] of [[Mayotte]] and the [[Glorioso Islands]]. It also claimed [[Banc du Geyser]] (disputed by [[Madagascar]] and France).

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|valign=top|'''{{flag|Costa Rica}}''' – Republic of Costa Rica {{~~capitalname~~|San José, Costa Rica|San José}}

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|valign=top|'''{{flag|Costa Rica}}''' – Republic of Costa Rica {{Capital|San José, Costa Rica|San José}}

{{extent}}Widely-recognized [[United Nations|UN]] member state.

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== D ==

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=== D ===

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|valign=top|'''{{flag|Djibouti}}''' – Republic of Djibouti {{Nowrap|(from 27 June 1977)}}{{Efn|The French Territory of the Afars and the Issas gained independence as Djibouti on 27 June 1977.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/djibouti/|title=Africa :: Djibouti — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov}}</ref>}} {{~~capitalname~~|Djibouti (city)|Djibouti}}

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|valign=top|'''{{flag|Djibouti}}''' – Republic of Djibouti {{Nowrap|(from 27 June 1977)}}{{Efn|The French Territory of the Afars and the Issas gained independence as Djibouti on 27 June 1977.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/djibouti/|title=Africa :: Djibouti — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov|date=11 February 2022}}</ref>}} {{Capital|Djibouti (city)|Djibouti}}

{{extent}}Widely-recognized independent state; [[United Nations|UN]] member state from 20 September 1977.

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|valign=top|'''{{flagdeco|DMA|1955}} → {{flag|Dominica|1978}}''' {{capital|Roseau}}

* Dominica {{Nowrap|(to 2 November 1978)}}

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* Commonwealth of Dominica {{Nowrap|(from 3 November 1978)}}{{Efn|Dominica gained independence from the United Kingdom on 3 November 1978.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/dominica/|title=Central America :: Dominica — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov}}</ref>}}

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* Commonwealth of Dominica {{Nowrap|(from 3 November 1978)}}{{Efn|Dominica gained independence from the United Kingdom on 3 November 1978.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/dominica/|title=Central America :: Dominica — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov|date=11 February 2022}}</ref>}}

{{extent}}[[West Indies Associated States|Associated state]] of the [[#U|United Kingdom]] (to 2 November 1978).

Widely-recognized independent state from 3 November 1978; [[United Nations|UN]] member state from 18 December 1978.

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== E ==

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=== E ===

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|~~valign=top~~ colspan=2 style="font-size: 100%;"|Egypt {{arrow}} [[#U|United Arab Republic]]

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| colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top; font-size:100%;"|Egypt {{arrow}} [[#U|United Arab Republic]]

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== F ==

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=== F ===

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|valign=top|'''{{flagdeco|Fiji}} [[Dominion of Fiji|Fiji]]''' – Dominion of Fiji {{Nowrap|(from 10 October 1970)}}{{efn|Fiji gained independence from the United Kingdom on 10 October 1970.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/fiji/|title=Australia - Oceania :: Fiji — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov}}</ref>}} {{capital|Suva}}

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|valign=top|'''{{flagdeco|Fiji}} [[Dominion of Fiji|Fiji]]''' – Dominion of Fiji {{Nowrap|(from 10 October 1970)}}{{efn|Fiji gained independence from the United Kingdom on 10 October 1970.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/fiji/|title=Australia - Oceania :: Fiji — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov|date=15 February 2022}}</ref>}} {{capital|Suva}}

{{extent}}Widely-recognized independent state; [[United Nations|UN]] member state from 13 October 1970. [[Commonwealth realm]]. Fiji had an autonomous dependency, [[Rotuma]].

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|valign=top|{{flagicon image|Flag_of_France_(1958–1976).svg}} → '''{{flag|France}}''' – French Republic {{capital|Paris}}

{{extent}}Widely-recognized [[United Nations|UN]] member state; [[European Economic Community|EEC]] member. France included five [[overseas departments]]: [[French Guiana]], [[Guadeloupe]], [[Martinique]], [[Réunion]], and [[Saint Pierre and Miquelon]] (from 19 July 1976). It also had sovereignty over the following [[Overseas departments and territories of France|overseas territories]]:

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* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Comoros (~~1963 to 1975~~).svg}} [[Comoros]] (to 24 December 1976){{efn|name=MAY|Comoros declared independence on 6 July 1975 and was recognized by France on 31 December 1975, but the island of Mayotte remained under French administration. A separate administration for Mayotte was not formally established until 24 December 1976.}}

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* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Comoros (1963–1975).svg}} [[Comoros]] (to 24 December 1976){{efn|name=MAY|Comoros declared independence on 6 July 1975 and was recognized by France on 31 December 1975, but the island of Mayotte remained under French administration. A separate administration for Mayotte was not formally established until 24 December 1976.}}

* [[French Afars and Issas]] (to 26 June 1977)

* [[French Polynesia]], with one dependency:

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== G ==

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=== G ===

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|valign=top|'''{{flagdeco|Grenada|1967}} → {{flag|Grenada}}'''{{efn|Grenada became independent from the United Kingdom on 7 February 1974.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/grenada/|title=Central America :: Grenada — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov}}</ref>}} {{~~capitalname~~|St. George's, Grenada|St. George's}}

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|valign=top|'''{{flagdeco|Grenada|1967}} → {{flag|Grenada}}'''{{efn|Grenada became independent from the United Kingdom on 7 February 1974.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/grenada/|title=Central America :: Grenada — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov|date=11 February 2022}}</ref>}} {{Capital|St. George's, Grenada|St. George's}}

* Grenada {{Nowrap|(to 13 March 1979)}}

* [[People's Revolutionary Government (Grenada)|People's Revolutionary Government of Grenada]] {{Nowrap|(from 13 March 1979)}}{{Efn|The [[New Jewel Movement]] proclaimed the socialist republic on 13 March 1979.}}

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|valign=top|'''{{flag|Guyana}}''' {{~~capitalname~~|Georgetown, Guyana|Georgetown}}

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|valign=top|'''{{flag|Guyana}}''' {{Capital|Georgetown, Guyana|Georgetown}}

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* [[Guyana (1966–1970)|Guyana]] {{Nowrap|(to 23 February 1970)}}{{efn|name=GUY|Guyana became a republic on 23 February 1970.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1970/pdf/ukpga_19700018_en.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090806050751/http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1970/pdf/ukpga_19700018_en.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 August 2009|date=6 August 2009}}</ref>}}

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* [[Guyana (1966–1970)|Guyana]] {{Nowrap|(to 23 February 1970)}}{{efn|name=GUY|Guyana became a republic on 23 February 1970.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1970/pdf/ukpga_19700018_en.pdf|title=Guyana Republic Act 1970 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090806050751/http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1970/pdf/ukpga_19700018_en.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 August 2009|date=6 August 2009}}</ref>}}

* Co-operative Republic of Guyana {{Nowrap|(from 23 February 1970)}}{{efn|name=GUY}}

{{extent}}Widely-recognized [[United Nations|UN]] member state.

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== H ==

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=== H ===

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|~~valign=top~~ colspan=2 style="font-size: 100%;"|Holy See {{arrow}} [[#V|Vatican City]]

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| colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top; font-size:100%;"|Holy See {{arrow}} [[#V|Vatican City]]

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== I ==

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=== I ===

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== J ==

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=== J ===

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|valign=top|'''{{flag|Jamaica}}''' {{~~capitalname~~|Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston}}

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|valign=top|'''{{flag|Jamaica}}''' {{Capital|Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston}}

{{extent}}Widely-recognized [[United Nations|UN]] member state; [[Commonwealth realm]].

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== K ==

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=== K ===

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|~~valign=top~~ colspan=2 style="font-size: 100%;"|Kampuchea, Democratic {{arrow}} [[#C|Cambodia]]

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| colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top; font-size:100%;"|Kampuchea, Democratic {{arrow}} [[#C|Cambodia]]

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|~~valign=top~~ colspan=2 style="font-size: 100%;"|Khmer Republic {{arrow}} [[#C|Cambodia]]

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| colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top; font-size:100%;"|Khmer Republic {{arrow}} [[#C|Cambodia]]

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|-

−

|valign=top|'''{{flag|Kiribati}}''' – Republic of Kiribati {{Nowrap|(from 12 July 1979)}}{{efn|Kiribati gained independence from the United Kingdom on 12 July 1979.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kiribati/|title=Australia - Oceania :: Kiribati — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov}}</ref>}} {{capital|South Tarawa}}

+

|valign=top|'''{{flag|Kiribati}}''' – Republic of Kiribati {{Nowrap|(from 12 July 1979)}}{{efn|Kiribati gained independence from the United Kingdom on 12 July 1979.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kiribati/|title=Australia - Oceania :: Kiribati — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov|date=11 February 2022}}</ref>}} {{capital|South Tarawa}}

{{extent}}Widely-recognized independent state.

|-

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|-

|colspan=3|

−

+

== L ==

−

=== L ===

|-

|colspan=2|

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----

|-

−

|valign=top|'''{{flagdeco|Libya|1969}} → {{flagicon image|Flag of Syria (1972-1980).svg}} → {{flagicon image|Flag of Libya (1977-2011).svg}} [[History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi#Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya ~~(1977–2011)~~|Libya]]''' {{capital|Tripoli}}

+

|valign=top|'''{{flagdeco|Libya|1969}} → {{flagicon image|Flag of Syria (1972-1980).svg}} → {{flagicon image|Flag of Libya (1977-2011).svg}} [[History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi#Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|Libya]]''' {{capital|Tripoli}}

−

* [[History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi#Libyan Arab Republic ~~(1969–1977)~~|Libyan Arab Republic]] {{Nowrap|(to 2 March 1977)}}{{Efn|name=LIB|The Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya was declared on 2 March 1977.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ly01000_.html|title=ICL - Libya - Declaration on the Establishment of the Authority of the People|website=www.servat.unibe.ch}}</ref>}}

+

* [[History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi#Libyan Arab Republic|Libyan Arab Republic]] {{Nowrap|(to 2 March 1977)}}{{Efn|name=LIB|The Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya was declared on 2 March 1977.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ly01000_.html|title=ICL - Libya - Declaration on the Establishment of the Authority of the People|website=www.servat.unibe.ch}}</ref>}}

* Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya {{Nowrap|(from 2 March 1977)}}{{Efn|name=LIB}}

{{extent}}Widely-recognized [[United Nations|UN]] member state; [[Federation of Arab Republics]] member from 17 April 1971 to November 1977.

Line 792: Line 779:

----

|-

−

|valign=top|'''{{flag|Luxembourg}}''' – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg {{~~capitalname~~|Luxembourg (city)|Luxembourg}}

+

|valign=top|'''{{flag|Luxembourg}}''' – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg {{Capital|Luxembourg (city)|Luxembourg}}

{{extent}}Widely-recognized [[United Nations|UN]] member state; [[European Economic Community|EEC]] member.

|-

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|-

|colspan=3|

−

+

== M ==

−

=== M ===

|-

|colspan=2|

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----

|-

−

|valign=top|'''{{flagdeco|Mozambique|1975}} [[People's Republic of Mozambique|Mozambique]]''' – People's Republic of Mozambique {{Nowrap|(from 25 June 1975)}}{{efn|Mozambique declared independence from Portugal on 25 June 1975.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mozambique/|title=Africa :: Mozambique — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov}}</ref>}} {{capital|Maputo}}

+

|valign=top|'''{{flagdeco|Mozambique|1975}} [[People's Republic of Mozambique|Mozambique]]''' – People's Republic of Mozambique {{Nowrap|(from 25 June 1975)}}{{efn|Mozambique declared independence from Portugal on 25 June 1975.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mozambique/|title=Africa :: Mozambique — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov|date=14 February 2022}}</ref>}} {{capital|Maputo}}

{{extent}}Widely-recognized independent state; [[United Nations|UN]] member state from 16 September 1975.

|-

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|-

|colspan=3|

−

+

== N ==

−

=== N ===

|-

|colspan=2|

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----

|-

−

|valign=top|'''{{flagdeco|Bougainville}} [[Republic of the North Solomons|North Solomons]]''' – Republic of the North Solomons {{Nowrap|(from 1 September 1975 to 7 August 1976)}}{{Efn|The Republic of the North Solomons declared independence from the Australian-administered Trust Territory of Papua and New Guinea on 1 September 1975.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.c-r.org/our-work/accord/png-bougainville/constitutional-accommodation.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061007221606/http://www.c-r.org/our-work/accord/png-bougainville/constitutional-accommodation.php|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 October 2006|title=PNG-Bougainville: Constitutional accommodation and conflict prevention|date=7 October 2006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.c-r.org/our-work/accord/png-bougainville/constitutional-accommodation.php |title=~~Archived copy~~ |access-date=2010-05-22 |archive-date=2010-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705151516/http://www.c-r.org/our-work/accord/png-bougainville/constitutional-accommodation.php ~~|url-status=bot: unknown~~ }}</ref> The North Solomons gave up their claim of independence on 7 August 1976.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.c-r.org/our-work/accord/png-bougainville/key-texts2.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061007215437/http://www.c-r.org/our-work/accord/png-bougainville/key-texts2.php|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 October 2006|title=PNG-Bougainville: Bougainville Agreement|date=7 October 2006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.c-r.org/our-work/accord/png-bougainville/key-texts2.php |title=~~Archived copy~~ |access-date=2010-05-22 |archive-date=2010-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705202651/http://www.c-r.org/our-work/accord/png-bougainville/key-texts2.php ~~|url-status=bot: unknown~~ }}</ref>}} {{capital|Kieta}}

+

|valign=top|'''{{flagdeco|Bougainville}} [[Republic of the North Solomons|North Solomons]]''' – Republic of the North Solomons {{Nowrap|(from 1 September 1975 to 7 August 1976)}}{{Efn|The Republic of the North Solomons declared independence from the Australian-administered Trust Territory of Papua and New Guinea on 1 September 1975.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.c-r.org/our-work/accord/png-bougainville/constitutional-accommodation.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061007221606/http://www.c-r.org/our-work/accord/png-bougainville/constitutional-accommodation.php|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 October 2006|title=PNG-Bougainville: Constitutional accommodation and conflict prevention|date=7 October 2006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.c-r.org/our-work/accord/png-bougainville/constitutional-accommodation.php |title=Constitutional accommodation and conflict prevention |access-date=2010-05-22 |archive-date=2010-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705151516/http://www.c-r.org/our-work/accord/png-bougainville/constitutional-accommodation.php }}</ref> The North Solomons gave up their claim of independence on 7 August 1976.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.c-r.org/our-work/accord/png-bougainville/key-texts2.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061007215437/http://www.c-r.org/our-work/accord/png-bougainville/key-texts2.php|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 October 2006|title=PNG-Bougainville: Bougainville Agreement|date=7 October 2006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.c-r.org/our-work/accord/png-bougainville/key-texts2.php |title=Bougainville Agreement |access-date=2010-05-22 |archive-date=2010-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705202651/http://www.c-r.org/our-work/accord/png-bougainville/key-texts2.php }}</ref>}} {{capital|Kieta}}

{{extent}}''De facto'' independent state. Claimed by Australia (to 16 September 1975) and [[Papua New Guinea]] (from 16 September 1975).

|-

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|-

|colspan=3|

−

+

== O ==

−

=== O ===

|-

|colspan=2|

----

|-

−

|~~valign=top~~ colspan=2 style="font-size: 100%;"|Oman {{arrow}} [[#M|Muscat and Oman]]

+

| colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top; font-size:100%;"|Oman {{arrow}} [[#M|Muscat and Oman]]

|-

|colspan=2|

Line 989: Line 973:

|-

|colspan=3|

−

+

== P ==

−

=== P ===

|-

|colspan=2|

Line 1,007: Line 990:

----

|-

−

|valign=top|'''{{flag|Papua New Guinea}}''' – Independent State of Papua New Guinea {{Nowrap|(from 16 September 1975)}}{{Efn|Papua New Guinea gained independence from an Australian-administered UN Trusteeship on 16 September 1975.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/papua-new-guinea/|title=East Asia/Southeast Asia :: Papua New Guinea — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov}}</ref>}} {{capital|Port Moresby}}

+

|valign=top|'''{{flag|Papua New Guinea}}''' – Independent State of Papua New Guinea {{Nowrap|(from 16 September 1975)}}{{Efn|Papua New Guinea gained independence from an Australian-administered UN Trusteeship on 16 September 1975.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/papua-new-guinea/|title=East Asia/Southeast Asia :: Papua New Guinea — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov|date=14 February 2022}}</ref>}} {{capital|Port Moresby}}

{{extent}}Widely-recognized independent state; [[United Nations|UN]] member state from 10 October 1975. [[Commonwealth realm]].

|-

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|-

|colspan=3|

−

+

== Q ==

−

=== Q ===

|-

|colspan=2|

Line 1,069: Line 1,051:

|-

|colspan=3|

−

+

== R ==

−

=== R ===

|-

|colspan=2|

Line 1,081: Line 1,062:

----

|-

−

|valign=top|'''{{flagdeco|Rhodesia}} → {{flagdeco|Zimbabwe Rhodesia}} [[Rhodesia]]''' / '''[[Zimbabwe Rhodesia]]''' {{~~capitalname~~|Harare|Salisbury}}

+

|valign=top|'''{{flagdeco|Rhodesia}} → {{flagdeco|Zimbabwe Rhodesia}} [[Rhodesia]]''' / '''[[Zimbabwe Rhodesia]]''' {{Capital|Harare|Salisbury}}

−

* Rhodesia {{Nowrap|(to 2 March 1970)}}{{efn|name=RHO_rep|Rhodesia became a republic on 2 March 1970.<ref>{{cite ~~web~~|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/witness/march/2/newsid_3497000/3497239.stm|title=1970s: Memories of Rhodesia|date=2 March 1970|via=news.bbc.co.uk}}</ref>}}

+

* Rhodesia {{Nowrap|(to 2 March 1970)}}{{efn|name=RHO_rep|Rhodesia became a republic on 2 March 1970.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/witness/march/2/newsid_3497000/3497239.stm|title=1970s: Memories of Rhodesia|date=2 March 1970|via=news.bbc.co.uk}}</ref>}}

−

* Republic of Rhodesia {{Nowrap|(from 2 March 1970 to 1 June 1979)}}{{efn|name=RHO_rep}}{{efn|name=RHO_zim|The interim state of Zimbabwe Rhodesia was established on 1 June 1979.<ref>{{cite ~~web~~|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/1/newsid_2492000/2492915.stm|title=1979: End of white rule in Rhodesia|date=1 June 1979|via=news.bbc.co.uk}}</ref>}}

+

* Republic of Rhodesia {{Nowrap|(from 2 March 1970 to 1 June 1979)}}{{efn|name=RHO_rep}}{{efn|name=RHO_zim|The interim state of Zimbabwe Rhodesia was established on 1 June 1979.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/1/newsid_2492000/2492915.stm|title=1979: End of white rule in Rhodesia|date=1 June 1979|via=news.bbc.co.uk}}</ref>}}

−

* Republic of Zimbabwe Rhodesia {{Nowrap|(from 1 June 1979 to 12 December 1979)}}{{efn|name=RHO_zim}}{{Efn|Zimbabwe Rhodesia reverted to the UK's rule on 12 December 1979.<ref>{{cite ~~web~~|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/11/newsid_3950000/3950445.stm|title=1979: Rhodesia reverts to British rule|date=11 December 1979|via=news.bbc.co.uk}}</ref>}}

+

* Republic of Zimbabwe Rhodesia {{Nowrap|(from 1 June 1979 to 12 December 1979)}}{{efn|name=RHO_zim}}{{Efn|Zimbabwe Rhodesia reverted to the UK's rule on 12 December 1979.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/11/newsid_3950000/3950445.stm|title=1979: Rhodesia reverts to British rule|date=11 December 1979|via=news.bbc.co.uk}}</ref>}}

{{extent}}''De facto'' independent state; not recognized by any other state. Claimed by the United Kingdom.

|-

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----

|-

−

|valign=top|'''{{flag|Rwanda|1962}}''' – Rwandese Republic{{efn|Rwanda's official French name was "République rwandaise".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://democratie.francophonie.org/IMG/pdf/Rwanda.pdf |title=~~Archived copy~~ |access-date=2006-08-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070622050947/http://democratie.francophonie.org/IMG/pdf/Rwanda.pdf |archive-date=2007-06-22 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mjp.univ-perp.fr/constit/rw1991.htm|title=Constitution rwandaise du 10 juin 1991, Digithèque MJP|website=mjp.univ-perp.fr}}</ref> It could be translated into English as "Rwandese Republic",<ref>[[s:CIA World Fact Book, 2004/Rwanda|''CIA World Fact Book, 2004''/"Rwanda"]]</ref> "Rwandan Republic",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://worldstatesmen.org/Rwanda|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610014258/http://worldstatesmen.org/Rwanda|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 June 2011|date=10 June 2011|title=Rwanda}}</ref> or "Republic of Rwanda"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact96/211.htm|title=The 1996 CIA World Factbook page on Rwanda|website=www.umsl.edu}}</ref>}}{{capital|Kigali}}

+

|valign=top|'''{{flag|Rwanda|1962}}''' – Rwandese Republic{{efn|Rwanda's official French name was "République rwandaise".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://democratie.francophonie.org/IMG/pdf/Rwanda.pdf |title=CONSTITUTION DE LA REPUBLIQUE DU RWANDA DU 4 JUIN 2003 |access-date=2006-08-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070622050947/http://democratie.francophonie.org/IMG/pdf/Rwanda.pdf |archive-date=2007-06-22 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mjp.univ-perp.fr/constit/rw1991.htm|title=Constitution rwandaise du 10 juin 1991, Digithèque MJP|website=mjp.univ-perp.fr}}</ref> It could be translated into English as "Rwandese Republic",<ref>[[s:CIA World Fact Book, 2004/Rwanda|''CIA World Fact Book, 2004''/"Rwanda"]]</ref> "Rwandan Republic",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://worldstatesmen.org/Rwanda|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610014258/http://worldstatesmen.org/Rwanda|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 June 2011|date=10 June 2011|title=Rwanda}}</ref> or "Republic of Rwanda"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact96/211.htm|title=The 1996 CIA World Factbook page on Rwanda|website=www.umsl.edu|access-date=2021-10-24|archive-date=2021-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104144535/http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact96/211.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}{{capital|Kigali}}

{{extent}}Widely-recognized [[United Nations|UN]] member state.

|-

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|-

|colspan=3|

−

+

== S ==

−

=== S ===

|-

|colspan=2|

----

|-

−

|valign=top|'''{{flag|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}}''' {{Nowrap|(from 27 February 1976)}}{{Efn|The date the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic declared its independence on.<ref>{{cite ~~web~~|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-14115273|title=Western Sahara profile|date=14 May 2018~~|via=www.bbc.co.uk~~}}</ref>}}<br>{{Nowrap|Capital: ''[[Bir Lehlou]]'' (official), ''[[Refugee camps in Tindouf Province, Algeria|Rabouni]]'' (seat of government-in-exile), ''[[El Aaiún]]'' (claimed)}}

+

|valign=top|'''{{flag|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}}''' {{Nowrap|(from 27 February 1976)}}{{Efn|The date the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic declared its independence on.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-14115273|title=Western Sahara profile|work=BBC News|date=14 May 2018}}</ref>}}<br>{{Nowrap|Capital: ''[[Bir Lehlou]]'' (official), ''[[Refugee camps in Tindouf Province, Algeria|Rabouni]]'' (seat of government-in-exile), ''[[El Aaiún]]'' (claimed)}}

{{extent}}Partially recognized ''de facto'' independent state. The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic claimed the disputed territory of [[Western Sahara]], most of which was under control of [[Morocco]] and (to 11 August 1979) [[Mauritania]]. The territory under its control, the so-called [[Free Zone (region)|Free Zone]], was claimed by [[Morocco]] and [[Mauritania]]. Its government resided in exile in [[Tindouf]], [[Algeria]].

|-

Line 1,127: Line 1,107:

----

|-

−

|valign=top|'''{{flagdeco|Saint_Lucia|1967}} → {{flagicon image|Flag of Saint Lucia (1979-2002).svg}} [[Saint Lucia]]'''{{efn|Saint Lucia gained independence from the United Kingdom on 22 February 1979.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/saint-lucia/|title=Central America :: Saint Lucia — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov}}</ref>}} {{capital|Castries}}

+

|valign=top|'''{{flagdeco|Saint_Lucia|1967}} → {{flagicon image|Flag of Saint Lucia (1979-2002).svg}} [[Saint Lucia]]'''{{efn|Saint Lucia gained independence from the United Kingdom on 22 February 1979.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/saint-lucia/|title=Central America :: Saint Lucia — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov|date=14 February 2022}}</ref>}} {{capital|Castries}}

{{extent}}[[West Indies Associated States|Associated state]] of the [[#U|United Kingdom]] (to 21 February 1979).

Widely-recognized independent state from 22 February 1979; [[United Nations|UN]] member state from 18 September 1979. [[Commonwealth realm]].

Line 1,136: Line 1,116:

|valign=top|'''{{flagicon image|Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1907-1979).svg}} → {{flagicon image|Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979-1985).svg}} [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]]''' {{capital|Kingstown}}

* Saint Vincent {{Nowrap|(to 26 October 1979)}}

−

* Saint Vincent and the Grenadines {{Nowrap|(from 27 October 1979)}}{{Efn|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines gained independence from the United Kingdom on 27 October 1979.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/saint-vincent-and-the-grenadines/|title=Central America :: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov}}</ref>}}

+

* Saint Vincent and the Grenadines {{Nowrap|(from 27 October 1979)}}{{Efn|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines gained independence from the United Kingdom on 27 October 1979.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/saint-vincent-and-the-grenadines/|title=Central America :: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov|date=14 February 2022}}</ref>}}

{{extent}}[[West Indies Associated States|Associated state]] of the [[#U|United Kingdom]] to 26 October 1979. Widely-recognized independent state from 27 October 1979; [[Commonwealth realm]].

|-

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----

|-

−

|valign=top|'''{{flag|San Marino|1862}}''' – Republic of San Marino {{~~capitalname~~|City of San Marino|San Marino}}

+

|valign=top|'''{{flag|San Marino|1862}}''' – Republic of San Marino {{Capital|City of San Marino|San Marino}}

{{extent}}Widely-recognized independent state.

|-

Line 1,148: Line 1,128:

----

|-

−

|valign=top|'''{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}}''' – Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe {{Nowrap|(from 12 July 1975)}}{{efn|São Tomé and Príncipe gained independence from Portugal on 12 July 1975.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/sao-tome-and-principe/|title=Africa :: Sao Tome and Principe — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov}}</ref>}} {{capital|São Tomé}}

+

|valign=top|'''{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}}''' – Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe {{Nowrap|(from 12 July 1975)}}{{efn|São Tomé and Príncipe gained independence from Portugal on 12 July 1975.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/sao-tome-and-principe/|title=Africa :: Sao Tome and Principe — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov|date=14 February 2022}}</ref>}} {{capital|São Tomé}}

{{extent}}Widely-recognized independent state. [[United Nations|UN]] member state (from 16 September 1975).

|-

Line 1,166: Line 1,146:

----

|-

−

|valign=top|'''{{flagdeco|Seychelles|1976}} → {{flag|Seychelles|1977}}''' – Republic of Seychelles {{Nowrap|(from 29 June 1976)}}{{efn|The Seychelles gained independence from the United Kingdom on 29 June 1976.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/seychelles/|title=Africa :: Seychelles — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov}}</ref>}} {{~~capitalname~~|Victoria, Seychelles|Victoria}}

+

|valign=top|'''{{flagdeco|Seychelles|1976}} → {{flag|Seychelles|1977}}''' – Republic of Seychelles {{Nowrap|(from 29 June 1976)}}{{efn|The Seychelles gained independence from the United Kingdom on 29 June 1976.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/seychelles/|title=Africa :: Seychelles — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov|date=14 February 2022}}</ref>}} {{Capital|Victoria, Seychelles|Victoria}}

{{extent}}Widely-recognized independent state. [[United Nations|UN]] member state (from 21 September 1976). The Seychelles claimed the [[British Indian Ocean Territory]] and the French territories of [[Tromelin Island]] and the [[Glorioso Islands]].

|-

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----

|-

−

|valign=top|'''{{flag|Sharjah}}''' – State of Sharjah {{Nowrap|(from 1 December 1971 to 2 December 1971)}}{{efn|name=UAE}} {{~~capitalname~~|Sharjah (city)|Sharjah}}

+

|valign=top|'''{{flag|Sharjah}}''' – State of Sharjah {{Nowrap|(from 1 December 1971 to 2 December 1971)}}{{efn|name=UAE}} {{Capital|Sharjah (city)|Sharjah}}

{{extent}}Transitional independent state.

|-

Line 1,192: Line 1,172:

----

|-

−

|valign=top|'''{{flag|Solomon Islands}}''' {{Nowrap|(from 7 July 1978)}}{{efn|The Solomon Islands gained independence from the United Kingdom on 7 July 1978.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/solomon-islands/|title=Australia - Oceania :: Solomon Islands — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov}}</ref>}} {{capital|Honiara}}

+

|valign=top|'''{{flag|Solomon Islands}}''' {{Nowrap|(from 7 July 1978)}}{{efn|The Solomon Islands gained independence from the United Kingdom on 7 July 1978.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/solomon-islands/|title=Australia - Oceania :: Solomon Islands — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov|date=14 February 2022}}</ref>}} {{capital|Honiara}}

{{extent}}Widely-recognized independent state. [[United Nations|UN]] member state (from 19 September 1978). [[Commonwealth realm]].

|-

Line 1,227: Line 1,207:

----

|-

−

|~~valign=top~~ colspan=2 style="font-size: 100%;"|Sri Lanka {{arrow}} [[#C|Ceylon]]

+

| colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top; font-size:100%;"|Sri Lanka {{arrow}} [[#C|Ceylon]]

|-

|colspan=2|

Line 1,238: Line 1,218:

----

|-

−

|valign=top|'''{{flag|Suriname}}''' – Republic of Suriname {{Nowrap|(from 25 November 1975)}}{{efn|Suriname gained independence from the Netherlands on 25 November 1975.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/suriname/|title=South America :: Suriname — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov}}</ref>}} {{capital|Paramaribo}}

+

|valign=top|'''{{flag|Suriname}}''' – Republic of Suriname {{Nowrap|(from 25 November 1975)}}{{efn|Suriname gained independence from the Netherlands on 25 November 1975.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/suriname/|title=South America :: Suriname — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov|date=14 February 2022}}</ref>}} {{capital|Paramaribo}}

{{extent}}Widely-recognized independent state; [[United Nations|UN]] member state from 4 December 1975.

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== T ==

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=== T ===

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|valign=top|'''{{flag|Tonga}}''' – Kingdom of Tonga {{Nowrap|(from 4 June 1970)}}{{efn|Tonga gained independence from the United Kingdom on 4 June 1970.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tonga/|title=Australia - Oceania :: Tonga — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov}}</ref>}} {{capital|Nukuʻalofa}}

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|valign=top|'''{{flag|Tonga}}''' – Kingdom of Tonga {{Nowrap|(from 4 June 1970)}}{{efn|Tonga gained independence from the United Kingdom on 4 June 1970.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tonga/|title=Australia - Oceania :: Tonga — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov|date=15 February 2022}}</ref>}} {{capital|Nukuʻalofa}}

{{extent}}Widely-recognized independent state.

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|valign=top|'''{{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}''' {{capital|Port of Spain}}

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* [[Trinidad and Tobago]] {{Nowrap|(to 1 August 1976)}}{{Efn|name=TRI|Trinidad and Tobago became a republic on 1 March 1976.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.caricom.org/jsp/community/trinidad_tobago.jsp?menu=community |title=~~Archived copy~~ |access-date=2010-05-22 |archive-date=2006-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060526160457/http://www.caricom.org/jsp/community/trinidad_tobago.jsp?menu=community |url-status=dead }}</ref>}}

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* [[Trinidad and Tobago]] {{Nowrap|(to 1 August 1976)}}{{Efn|name=TRI|Trinidad and Tobago became a republic on 1 March 1976.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.caricom.org/jsp/community/trinidad_tobago.jsp?menu=community |title=Trinidad and Tobago |access-date=2010-05-22 |archive-date=2006-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060526160457/http://www.caricom.org/jsp/community/trinidad_tobago.jsp?menu=community |url-status=dead }}</ref>}}

* Republic of Trinidad and Tobago {{Nowrap|(from 1 August 1976)}}{{Efn|name=TRI}}

{{extent}}Widely-recognized [[United Nations|UN]] member state; [[Commonwealth realm]] (to 1 August 1976).

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|valign=top|'''{{flagicon image|Flag of Tuvalu (1978–1995).svg}} [[Tuvalu]]''' {{Nowrap|(from 1 October 1978)}}{{efn|Tuvalu became independent from the United Kingdom on 1 October 1978.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tuvalu/|title=Australia - Oceania :: Tuvalu — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov}}</ref>}} {{capital|Funafuti}}

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|valign=top|'''{{flagicon image|Flag of Tuvalu (1978–1995).svg}} [[Tuvalu]]''' {{Nowrap|(from 1 October 1978)}}{{efn|Tuvalu became independent from the United Kingdom on 1 October 1978.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tuvalu/|title=Australia - Oceania :: Tuvalu — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov|date=16 February 2022}}</ref>}} {{capital|Funafuti}}

{{extent}}Widely-recognized independent state; [[Commonwealth realm]].

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== U ==

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=== U ===

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== V ==

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=== V ===

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== W ==

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=== W ===

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== Y ==

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=== Y ===

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== Z ==

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=== Z ===

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|~~valign=top~~ colspan=2 style="font-size: 100%;"|Zaire {{arrow}} [[#C|Congo, Democratic Republic of]]

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| colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top; font-size:100%;"|Zaire {{arrow}} [[#C|Congo, Democratic Republic of]]

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|~~valign=top~~ colspan=2 style="font-size: 100%;"|Zimbabwe Rhodesia {{arrow}} [[#R|Rhodesia]]

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| colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top; font-size:100%;"|Zimbabwe Rhodesia {{arrow}} [[#R|Rhodesia]]

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|}

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== Other entities ==

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==Other entities==

Excluded from the list above are the following noteworthy entities which either were not fully sovereign or did not claim to be independent:

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* '''[[Antarctica]]''' as a whole had no government and no permanent population. Seven states claimed portions of Antarctica and five of these had reciprocally recognised one another's claims.<ref name="mutualrecog">{{Citation | last = Rogan-Finnemore | first = Michelle | year = 2005 | contribution = What Bioprospecting Means for Antarctica and the Southern Ocean | editor-last = Von Tigerstrom | editor-first = Barbara | title = International Law Issues in the South Pacific | publisher = Ashgate Publishing | page = 204 | isbn = 0-7546-4419-7}} "Australia, New Zealand, France, Norway and the United Kingdom reciprocally recognize the validity of each other's claims."</ref> These claims, which were regulated by the [[Antarctic Treaty System]], were neither recognised nor disputed by any other signatory state.<ref name="cia">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/antarctica/ CIA – the World Factbook – Antarctica] – accessed 19 January 2008</ref>

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* '''[[Antarctica]]''' as a whole had no government and no permanent population. Seven states claimed portions of Antarctica and five of these had reciprocally recognised one another's claims.<ref name="mutualrecog">{{Citation | last = Rogan-Finnemore | first = Michelle | year = 2005 | contribution = What Bioprospecting Means for Antarctica and the Southern Ocean | editor-last = Von Tigerstrom | editor-first = Barbara | title = International Law Issues in the South Pacific | publisher = Ashgate Publishing | page = 204 | isbn = 978-0-7546-4419-4}} "Australia, New Zealand, France, Norway and the United Kingdom reciprocally recognize the validity of each other's claims."</ref> These claims, which were regulated by the [[Antarctic Treaty System]], were neither recognised nor disputed by any other signatory state.<ref name="cia">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/antarctica/ CIA – the World Factbook – Antarctica] – accessed 19 January 2008</ref>

* '''{{flagdeco|Estonia}} [[Estonian government-in-exile|Estonia]]''' was occupied and administered by the Soviet Union, but the legality of the annexation was not widely-recognized. The [[Baltic diplomatic services (1940–1991)|Baltic diplomatic services]] in the West continued to be recognised as representing the ''[[de jure]]'' state.

* '''{{flag|Latvia}}''' was occupied and administered by the Soviet Union, but the legality of the annexation was not widely-recognized. The [[Baltic diplomatic services (1940–1991)|Baltic diplomatic services]] in the West continued to be recognised as representing the ''[[de jure]]'' state.

* '''{{flag|Lithuania|1918}}''' was occupied and administered by the Soviet Union, but the legality of the annexation was not widely-recognized. The [[Baltic diplomatic services (1940–1991)|Baltic diplomatic services]] in the West continued to be recognised as representing the ''[[de jure]]'' state.

* The '''[[Saudi–Iraqi neutral zone]]''' was a strip of neutral territory between [[Iraq]] and [[Saudi Arabia]].

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* {{flagdeco|Sovereign Military Order of Malta}} The '''[[Sovereign Military Order of Malta]]''' was an entity claiming sovereignty. The order had bi-lateral diplomatic relations with a large number of states, but had no territory other than [[extraterritoriality|extraterritorial]] areas within Rome.<ref>[http://www.orderofmalta.org/attdiplomatica.asp?idlingua=5 Bilateral relations with countries] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080626003221/http://www.orderofmalta.org/attdiplomatica.asp?idlingua=5 |date=2008-06-26 }}, Retrieved 2009-12-22</ref> The order's Constitution stated: "The Order is a subject of international law and exercises sovereign functions."<ref>{{cite book | last = Chapter General of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta | title = Constitutional Charter and Code of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes, and of Malta, promulgated 27 June 1961, revised by the Extraordinary Chapter General 28–30 April 1997, Article 3 "Sovereignty," Paragraph 1. | publisher = Tipografia Arte della Stampa | date = 1998-01-12 | location = Rome | ~~pages~~ = 11 | url = http://www.orderofmalta.org/site/pdf/Constit._Charter_and_code.pdf }}</ref> Although the order frequently asserted its sovereignty, it did not claim to be a sovereign state. It lacked a defined territory. Since all its members were citizens of other states, almost all of them lived in their native countries, and those who resided in the order's extraterritorial properties in Rome did so only in connection with their official duties, the order lacked the characteristic of having a permanent population.

+

* {{flagdeco|Sovereign Military Order of Malta}} The '''[[Sovereign Military Order of Malta]]''' was an entity claiming sovereignty. The order had bi-lateral diplomatic relations with a large number of states, but had no territory other than [[extraterritoriality|extraterritorial]] areas within Rome.<ref>[http://www.orderofmalta.org/attdiplomatica.asp?idlingua=5 Bilateral relations with countries] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080626003221/http://www.orderofmalta.org/attdiplomatica.asp?idlingua=5 |date=2008-06-26 }}, Retrieved 2009-12-22</ref> The order's Constitution stated: "The Order is a subject of international law and exercises sovereign functions."<ref>{{cite book | last = Chapter General of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta | title = Constitutional Charter and Code of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes, and of Malta, promulgated 27 June 1961, revised by the Extraordinary Chapter General 28–30 April 1997, Article 3 "Sovereignty," Paragraph 1. | publisher = Tipografia Arte della Stampa | date = 1998-01-12 | location = Rome | page = 11 | url = http://www.orderofmalta.org/site/pdf/Constit._Charter_and_code.pdf }}</ref> Although the order frequently asserted its sovereignty, it did not claim to be a sovereign state. It lacked a defined territory. Since all its members were citizens of other states, almost all of them lived in their native countries, and those who resided in the order's extraterritorial properties in Rome did so only in connection with their official duties, the order lacked the characteristic of having a permanent population.

* {{flagdeco|Berlin}} '''[[West Berlin]]''' was a political enclave that was closely aligned with, but not actually a part of, [[West Germany]]. It consisted of three occupied sectors administered by the United States, the United Kingdom, and France.

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== Notes ==

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==Notes==

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== References ==

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==References==

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[[Category:1970s]]

[[Category:Lists of countries in the 20th century]]

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