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Alhambra (view source)

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[[File:116 Tafel 6 Grenada Alhambra - Plano del Palacio Arabe.jpg|thumb|Plan of the Palacio Arabe 1889]]
 
[[File:116 Tafel 6 Grenada Alhambra - Plano del Palacio Arabe.jpg|thumb|Plan of the Palacio Arabe 1889]]
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The '''Alhambra''' (from Arabic {{lang|ar|الْحَمْرَاء}} = Al-Ħamrā', literally "the red one"; the complete name was {{lang|ar|الْقَلْعَةُ ٱلْحَمْرَاءُ}} = al-Qal'at al-Ħamrā' = "the red fortress") is a palace and fortress complex of the [[Moors|Moorish]] rulers of [[Emirate of Granada|Granada]] in southern [[Spain]] (known as ''[[Al-Andalus]]'' when the fortress was constructed during the mid 14th century), occupying a hilly terrace on the southeastern border of the city of [[Granada]].
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The '''Alhambra''' (from Arabic {{lang|ar|الْحَمْرَاء}} = Al-Ħamrā', literally "the red fort"; the complete name was {{lang|ar|الْقَلْعَةُ ٱلْحَمْرَاءُ}} = al-Qal'at al-Ħamrā' = "the red fortress") is a palace and fortress complex of the [[Moors|Moorish]] rulers of [[Emirate of Granada|Granada]] in southern [[Spain]] (known as ''[[Al-Andalus]]'' when the fortress was constructed during the mid 14th century), occupying a hilly terrace on the southeastern border of the city of [[Granada]].
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== History ==
 
== History ==
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In the [[Middle Ages]] the Alhambra was the residence of the [[Muslim]] rulers of Granada and their court, now it is one of Spain's major tourist attractions. There one can see the most famous [[Islamic Architecture]] of the country. Within the Alhambra, the Palace of Charles V was erected by [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]] in 1527.
 
In the [[Middle Ages]] the Alhambra was the residence of the [[Muslim]] rulers of Granada and their court, now it is one of Spain's major tourist attractions. There one can see the most famous [[Islamic Architecture]] of the country. Within the Alhambra, the Palace of Charles V was erected by [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]] in 1527.
    
The Muslim rulers lost Granada and Alhambra in 1492 without the fortress itself being attacked when King [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]] and Queen [[Isabella of Castile]] took the surrounding region with an overwhelming force of numbers.
 
The Muslim rulers lost Granada and Alhambra in 1492 without the fortress itself being attacked when King [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]] and Queen [[Isabella of Castile]] took the surrounding region with an overwhelming force of numbers.
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== Media ==
 
== Media ==
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<gallery mode=packed>
 
<gallery mode=packed>
 
Image:Patio Paleis Karel V.jpg|Patio of the palace of Charles V
 
Image:Patio Paleis Karel V.jpg|Patio of the palace of Charles V
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Image:Alhambra.3.ogg|Video walkthrough of the Alhambra - part 3
 
Image:Alhambra.3.ogg|Video walkthrough of the Alhambra - part 3
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
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== Other reading sources ==
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==Other reading sources==
   
{{Refbegin|30em}}
 
{{Refbegin|30em}}
 
* {{citation|last1=Jacobs|first1=Michael|last2=Fernández|first2=Francisco|title=Alhambra|year=2009|publisher=Frances Lincoln|isbn=978-0-7112-2518-3}}
 
* {{citation|last1=Jacobs|first1=Michael|last2=Fernández|first2=Francisco|title=Alhambra|year=2009|publisher=Frances Lincoln|isbn=978-0-7112-2518-3}}
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{{Refend}}
 
{{Refend}}
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==Related pages==
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== Alhambra Media ==
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<gallery widths='160px' heights='100%' mode='traditional' caption=''>
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File:Alhambra evening panorama Mirador San Nicolas sRGB-1.jpg|Panorama of the Alhambra from Mirador de San Nicolas. From left to right: [[Generalife]], [[Veleta (Sierra Nevada)|Veleta]] mountain, Nasrid Palaces, [[Palace of Charles V]], and [[Alcazaba of the Alhambra|Alcazaba]]
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File:Night view of Alhambra, Granada from Mirador de San Nicolas.jpg|Night view of Alhambra from Mirador de San Nicolas
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File:La Alhambra, la joya de Granada.jpg|The best view of the Alhambra.
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File:Aa old gateway across rio darro in albaicin in granada.jpg|Remains of the ''Puente del Cadí'' (formerly ''Bāb al-Difāf''), an 11th-century Zirid fortification that enabled soldiers on the Sabika hill to access the river during times of siege
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File:Detalle_de_la_pared_de_la_Sala_del_Mexuar._La_Alhambra,_Granada.«Sólo_Dios_es_vencedor».JPG|[[Islamic calligraphy]] in the [[Mexuar]] Hall: {{lang|ar|و لا غالب إلا الله}}, "There is no victor but God", a motto used by the Nasrid dynasty{{Sfn|Dickie|1992|p=139}}
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File:Court of the Lions, Alhambra by Juan Laurent.jpg|The [[Court of the Lions]] in 1871
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File:La Alzaba de la Alhambra 17.JPG|The ''Torre de la Polvóra'' at the Alcazaba, an example of a tower reinforced with curved ramparts in the 16th century to better defend against modern artillery{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=91-92}}
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File:Weeks Edwin Lord A Court in The Alhambra in the Time of the Moors.jpg|Weeks Edwin Lord A Court in The Alhambra in the Time of the Moors
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File:-Courtyard of the Lions, Alhambra, Granada- MET DP366396.jpg|Pavilion in the Court of the Lions in 19th-century photo, showing the "oriental" dome added by Rafael Contreras in 1859, later removed by Leopoldo Torres Balbás
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File:Map of alhambra sp.svg|Map of the Alhambra, Spain.
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</gallery>
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== Related pages ==
 
* [[Islamic architecture]]
 
* [[Islamic architecture]]
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== References ==
 
== References ==
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{{refbegin|2}}
 
{{refbegin|2}}
 
* Lowney, Chris. ''A Vanished World: Medieval Spain’s Golden Age of Enlightenment''. New York: Simon and Schuster, Inc., 2005.  
 
* Lowney, Chris. ''A Vanished World: Medieval Spain’s Golden Age of Enlightenment''. New York: Simon and Schuster, Inc., 2005.  
 
* {{1911}}
 
* {{1911}}
 
{{refend}}
 
{{refend}}
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== Other websites ==
 
== Other websites ==
 
{{commonscat}}
 
{{commonscat}}
 
* [http://www.alhambra-patronato.es Patronato de la Alhambra y Generalife]. Official web page of the Alhambra
 
* [http://www.alhambra-patronato.es Patronato de la Alhambra y Generalife]. Official web page of the Alhambra
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*[https://www.alhambraygeneralife.org/ Guided Tours Alhambra]
 
* [http://www.alhambra-tickets.es Patronato de la Alhambra y Generalife]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Official web page for particular clients
 
* [http://www.alhambra-tickets.es Patronato de la Alhambra y Generalife]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Official web page for particular clients
 
* [http://www.alhambradegranada.org/default_en.asp www.AlhambraDeGranada.org]
 
* [http://www.alhambradegranada.org/default_en.asp www.AlhambraDeGranada.org]
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*[http://www.islamicarchitecture.org/architecture/palaces/thealhambra.html Alhambra Architectural Review]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
 
*[http://www.islamicarchitecture.org/architecture/palaces/thealhambra.html Alhambra Architectural Review]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
 
*[http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/The_Alhambra.html Photos and text at greatbuildings.com]
 
*[http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/The_Alhambra.html Photos and text at greatbuildings.com]
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*[http://www.gardenvisit.com/ge/alham.htm Alhambra - information on garden history and design]
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*[http://www.gardenvisit.com/ge/alham.htm Alhambra - information on garden history and design] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704031656/http://www.gardenvisit.com/ge/alham.htm |date=2008-07-04 }}
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*[http://www.hotels-spain-accommodation.com/andalucia/granada/alhambra/ Detailed study with photos of the Alhambra Granada]
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*[http://www.hotels-spain-accommodation.com/andalucia/granada/alhambra/ Detailed study with photos of the Alhambra Granada] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090330175135/http://www.hotels-spain-accommodation.com/andalucia/granada/alhambra/ |date=2009-03-30 }}
 
*[http://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&ie=UTF8&z=17&ll=37.176578,-3.588538&spn=0.003881,0.010815&t=k&om=1 Google maps satellite image]
 
*[http://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&ie=UTF8&z=17&ll=37.176578,-3.588538&spn=0.003881,0.010815&t=k&om=1 Google maps satellite image]
 
*[http://www.erasmuspc.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=161&Itemid=81 Article with English translations of the poems on the walls of Alhambra] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080222181848/http://www.erasmuspc.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=161&Itemid=81 |date=2008-02-22 }}*  
 
*[http://www.erasmuspc.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=161&Itemid=81 Article with English translations of the poems on the walls of Alhambra] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080222181848/http://www.erasmuspc.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=161&Itemid=81 |date=2008-02-22 }}*  
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* [http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/i/irving/washington/i72a/ Washington Irving's ''Tales of the Alhambra''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203105944/http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/i/irving/washington/i72a/ |date=2008-12-03 }}
 
* [http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/i/irving/washington/i72a/ Washington Irving's ''Tales of the Alhambra''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203105944/http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/i/irving/washington/i72a/ |date=2008-12-03 }}
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* [http://www.360travelguide.com/360VirtualTour.asp?iCode=sol31 Panoramic virtual tour of Alhambra]
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* [http://www.360travelguide.com/360VirtualTour.asp?iCode=sol31 Panoramic virtual tour of Alhambra] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219033058/http://www.360travelguide.com/360VirtualTour.asp?iCode=sol31 |date=2008-12-19 }}
 
* [http://www.squinchpix.com/searchn.php?zoom_query=alhambra&zoom_and=0&zoom_sort=0&dmode=gallery Large photo collection of the Alhambra and palaces]
 
* [http://www.squinchpix.com/searchn.php?zoom_query=alhambra&zoom_and=0&zoom_sort=0&dmode=gallery Large photo collection of the Alhambra and palaces]
  
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