Changes

[[File:SE DD Bildergalerie Klaerwerk Kaditz Faulung.jpg|thumb|Large sewage works in Germany]]

[[File:SE DD Bildergalerie Klaerwerk Kaditz Faulung.jpg|thumb|Large sewage works in Germany]]

'''Sewage treatment''' is the process of dealing with [[sewage]] so that it does not cause harm to people or to rivers. Sewage flows in [[sewer]] pipes from houses and [[factory|factories]]. When it arrives at a sewage treatment plant it passes through many stages. Larger treatment plants often have more stages than smaller ones.  

'''Sewage treatment''' is the process of dealing with [[sewage]] so that it does not cause harm to people or to rivers. Sewage flows in [[sewer]] pipes from houses and [[factory|factories]]. When it arrives at a sewage treatment plant it passes through many stages. Larger treatment plants often have more stages than smaller ones. A house that doesn't have access to a city's sewage treatment will have its own [[septic tank|septic system]].

Large objects and rags are removed using [[screen]]s. The sewage then flows through a [[wikt:tank|tank]] so [[sand]] and grit can fall out.  This protects the [[machine]]s in later stages.  

Large objects and rags are removed using [[screen]]s. The sewage then flows through a [[tank|tank]] so [[sand]] and grit can fall out.  This protects the [[machine]]s in later stages.  

[[Fat]]s and solids are removed in the first treatment stage.  Sewage enters a tank where solids fall to the bottom and fat floats to the top.  Fats and solids stay in the tank and the water continues to the next stage. This is called primary treatment.

[[Fat]]s and solids are removed in the first treatment stage.  Sewage enters a tank where solids fall to the bottom and fat floats to the top.  Fats and solids stay in the tank and the water continues to the next stage. This is called primary treatment.

Modern sewage treatment started in [[London]] about 1850. The first treatment plants for sewage were designed by Sir [[Joseph Bazalgette]].

Modern sewage treatment started in [[London]] in about 1850. The first treatment plants for sewage were designed by Sir [[Joseph Bazalgette]].

 

== Importance of oxygen ==

== Importance of oxygen ==

Bacteria and [[amoebae]] in the [[gut]] and [[bowel]]s are totally [[anaerobic]]. [[Oxygen]] kills them. A key aspect of the treatment is not just to remove solids, but to  ''run the sewage through oxygenated water''.  It is this which is the most important part of treatment after solids are removed. The use of chemicals is only done exceptionally. Dumping sewage into the sea is disgusting, but has been done at times when the treatment plants are not adequate.

Bacteria and [[amoebae]] in the [[gut]] and [[bowel]]s are totally [[anaerobic]]. [[Oxygen]] kills them. A key aspect of the treatment is not just to remove solids, but to  ''run the sewage through oxygenated water''.  It is this which is the most important part of treatment after solids are removed. The use of chemicals is only done exceptionally. Dumping sewage into the sea is disgusting, but has been done at times when the treatment plants are not adequate.

Small treatment plants may use a small pond, called a lagoon, to hold the sewage while oxygen destroys the bacteria.  Larger treatment plants use machines to help process the sewage. Some treatment works have [[Rock (geology)|rocks]] or pieces of [[plastic]] for the bacteria to grow on.  Water is pumped over the rocks or plastic.

Small treatment plants may use a small pond, called a lagoon, to hold the sewage while oxygen destroys the bacteria.  Larger treatment plants use machines to help process the sewage. Some treatment works have [[Rock (geology)|rocks]] or pieces of [[plastic]] for the bacteria to grow on.  Water is pumped over the rocks or plastic.

[[Solid]]s from the first and second treatment tanks can be used to make [[methane]] gas and fertilizer for farmers fields or may be dried and sent to a landfill.<ref>Water and Environmental Health at London and Loughborough 1999. Waste water Treatment Options. Technical brief no. 64. London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine and Loughborough University. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110717210830/http://www.lut.ac.uk/well/resources/technical-briefs/64-wastewater-treatment-options.pdf]</ref><ref>Primer for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Systems [https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-09/documents/primer.pdf]</ref>

[[Solid]]s from the first and second treatment tanks can be used to make [[methane]] gas and fertilizer for farmers' fields or may be dried and sent to a landfill.<ref>Water and Environmental Health at London and Loughborough 1999. Wastewater Treatment Options. Technical brief no. 64. London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine and Loughborough University. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110717210830/http://www.lut.ac.uk/well/resources/technical-briefs/64-wastewater-treatment-options.pdf]</ref><ref>Primer for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Systems [https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-09/documents/primer.pdf]</ref>

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

== References ==

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{reflist}}