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Line 2: − If more is taken than directed, dextromethorphan acts as a [[dissociative]] [[hallucinogen]]ic drug. Its [[mechanism of action]] (how it works) is as an [[NMDA receptor antagonist]] (blocks a chemical in the brain), producing effects similar to those of the controlled substances [[ketamine]] and [[phencyclidine]] (PCP).<ref name=dea1>{{Cite web |url=http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drugs_concern/dextro_m/dextro_m.htm |title=DEXTROMETHORPHAN (Street Names: DXM, CCC, Triple C, Skittles, Robo, Poor Man’s PCP)<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2009-03-08 |archive-date=2011-07-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721070355/http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drugs_concern/dextro_m/dextro_m.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> − + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + − + +
KS update 1.3
'''Dextromethorphan''' ('''DXM''' or '''DM''') is a [[drug]]. It is used to prevent [[cough]]s in many [[Over-the-counter drug|over-the-counter]] [[common cold|cold]] and cough medicines. Dextromethorphan can also be used for [[pain relief]] or for [[psychological]] conditions. It is sold in [[syrup]], [[tablet]], and [[throat lozenge|lozenge]] forms, manufactured under several different [[brand name]]s and [[generic]] labels. In its pure form, dextromethorphan is a white powder.
'''Dextromethorphan''' ('''DXM''' or '''DM''') is a [[drug]]. It is used to prevent [[cough]]s in many [[Over-the-counter drug|over-the-counter]] [[common cold|cold]] and cough medicines. Dextromethorphan can also be used for [[pain relief]] or for [[psychological]] conditions. It is sold in [[syrup]], [[tablet]], and [[throat lozenge|lozenge]] forms, manufactured under several different [[brand name]]s and [[generic]] labels. In its pure form, dextromethorphan is a white powder.
==References==
Turning on the [[Sigma-1 receptor]] is believed to be how dextromethorphan helps with a cough. Dextromethorphan also prevents [[serotonin]] and norepinephrine from being absorbed again in the brain. When too much is inside a person's body or when they have been using it as a recreational drug, it can cause [[dissociative]] [[Hallucination|hallucinations]], make a person [[Euphoria|feel good]], change how you feel things, and other things. It does this by doing the things said before but also by blocking [[glutamate]] from turning on [[NMDA receptors]] in the brain, much like how [[Ketamine]] and [[Phencyclidine]] work as well.
== Dextromethorphan Media ==
<gallery widths='160px' heights='100%' mode='traditional' caption=''>
File:Dextrometorfano.jpg|Store brand dextromethorphan cough syrup
File:DXM metabolism.png|Main metabolic pathways of dextromethorphan degradation, which are catalyzed by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases ([[CYP3A4]] and [[CYP2D6]]) and UDP-glucuronosyl-transferase (UGT)
File:Racemate separation for synthesis of Dextromethorphan.svg|Racemate separation for synthesis of Dextromethorphan
File:Traditional synthesis of Dextromethorphan.svg|Traditional synthesis of Dextromethorphan
File:Synthesis of Dextromethorphan via Grewe's cyclization.svg|Synthesis of Dextromethorphan via Grewe's cyclization
File:Synthesis of Dextromethorphan via improved Grewe's cyclization.svg|Synthesis of Dextromethorphan via improved Grewe's cyclization
File:DXM Doses.jpg|Dextromethorphan gel capsules
</gallery>
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
{{Cough and cold preparations}}
{{med-stub}}
{{med-stub}}
[[Category:Drugs]]
[[Category:Psychoactive drugs]]
[[Category:Organonitrogen compounds]]