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Two kinds of non-coding RNAs help in the process of building proteins in the cell. They are transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA).

Two kinds of non-coding RNAs help in the process of building proteins in the cell. They are transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA).

== tRNA ==

== tRNA ==

[[Transfer RNA]] ('''tRNA''') is a short molecule of about 80 [[nucleotide]]s which carries a specific amino acid to the polypeptide chain at a [[ribosome]]. There is a different tRNA for each amino acid. Each one has a site for the amino acid to attach, and an anti-codon to match the codon on the mRNA. For example, [[codon]]s UUU or UUC code for the amino acid [[phenylalanine]].

[[Transfer RNA]] ('''tRNA''') is a short molecule of about 80 [[nucleotide]]s which carries a specific amino acid to the polypeptide chain at a [[ribosome]]. There is a different tRNA for each amino acid. Each one has a site for the amino acid to attach and an anti-codon to match the codon on the mRNA. For example, [[codon]]s UUU or UUC code for the amino acid [[phenylalanine]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Transfer RNA (tRNA) |url=https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Transfer-RNA |website=National Human Genome Research Institute |accessdate=4 February 2024}}</ref>

== rRNA ==

== rRNA ==

'''Ribosomal RNA''' ('''rRNA''') is the [[Catalysis|catalytic]] component of the ribosomes. [[Eukaryote|Eukaryotic]] ribosomes contain four different rRNA molecules: 18S, 5.8S, 28S and 5S rRNA. Three of the rRNA molecules are synthesized in the [[nucleolus]], and one is synthesized elsewhere. In the cytoplasm, ribosomal RNA and protein combine to form a nucleoprotein called a ribosome. The ribosome binds mRNA and carries out protein synthesis. Several ribosomes may be attached to a single mRNA at any time.<ref name=The_Cell>{{cite book | title=The Cell: a molecular approach| edition=3rd| author=Cooper GC & Hausman RE| date=2004| pages=261–76, 297, 339–44| publisher=Sinauer| isbn=0-87893-214-3 | oclc=174924833|id=OCLC 52121379 52359301 56050609}}</ref> rRNA is extremely abundant and makes up 80% of the 10&nbsp;mg/ml RNA found in a typical eukaryotic [[cytoplasm]].<ref>{{cite journal | author=Kampers T. | display-authors = etal | title=RNA stimulates aggregation of microtubule-associated protein tau into Alzheimer-like paired helical filaments| journal=FEBS Letters| year=1996| volume=399 | pages = 344–349| pmid=8985176 | doi = 10.1016/S0014-5793(96)01386-5 | issue=3| s2cid = 1722620 }}</ref>

'''Ribosomal RNA''' ('''rRNA''') is the [[Catalysis|catalytic]] component of the ribosomes. [[Eukaryote|Eukaryotic]] ribosomes contain four different rRNA molecules: 18S, 5.8S, 28S and 5S rRNA. Three of the rRNA molecules are synthesized in the [[nucleolus]], and one is synthesized elsewhere. In the cytoplasm, ribosomal RNA and protein combine to form a nucleoprotein called a ribosome. The ribosome binds mRNA and carries out protein synthesis. Several ribosomes may be attached to a single mRNA at any time.<ref name=The_Cell>{{cite book | title=The Cell: a molecular approach| edition=3rd| author=Cooper GC & Hausman RE| date=2004| pages=261–76, 297, 339–44| publisher=Sinauer| isbn=0-87893-214-3 | oclc=174924833|id=OCLC 52121379 52359301 56050609}}</ref> rRNA is extremely abundant and makes up 80% of the 10&nbsp;mg/ml RNA found in a typical eukaryotic [[cytoplasm]].<ref>{{cite journal | author=Kampers T. | display-authors = etal | title=RNA stimulates aggregation of microtubule-associated protein tau into Alzheimer-like paired helical filaments| journal=FEBS Letters| year=1996| volume=399 | pages = 344–349| pmid=8985176 | doi = 10.1016/S0014-5793(96)01386-5 | issue=3| s2cid = 1722620 }}</ref>