Changes

'''Urdu''', also known as '''Lashkari''',<ref name="Ahmad2009">{{cite book|author=Aijazuddin Ahmad|title=Geography of the South Asian Subcontinent: a critical approach |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I2QmPHeIowoC&pg=PA120|year=2009 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-8069-568-1|pages=120–|quote=The very word Urdu came into being as the original '''''Lashkari''''' dialect, in other words, the language of the army.}}</ref> or the '''Lashkari language''' (لشکری ‍زبان)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/uoc/PDF-FILES/(13)%20Kanwal%20Khalid-90-3-2015.pdf|title=Lahore During the Ghaznavid Period|work=Kanwal Khalid, PhD Associate Professor, College of Art and Design [[University of the Punjab]], [[Lahore]]}}</ref> is the [[national language]] of [[Pakistan]] and a recognized [[regional language|regional dialect]] in India. Urdu is an [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan language]], which means that it came from Proto-Indo-Aryan, a language that was spoken northeast of the [[Caspian Sea]] in the second millennium BCE.<ref>Trautmann, Thomas, and Yoda Press. "Indo-European topics."</ref>

'''Urdu''', also known as '''Lashkari''',<ref name="Ahmad2009">{{cite book|author=Aijazuddin Ahmad|title=Geography of the South Asian Subcontinent: a critical approach |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I2QmPHeIowoC&pg=PA120|year=2009 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-8069-568-1|pages=120–|quote=The very word Urdu came into being as the original '''''Lashkari''''' dialect, in other words, the language of the army.}}</ref> or the '''Lashkari language''' (لشکری ‍زبان)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/uoc/PDF-FILES/(13)%20Kanwal%20Khalid-90-3-2015.pdf|title=Lahore During the Ghaznavid Period|work=Kanwal Khalid, PhD Associate Professor, College of Art and Design [[University of the Punjab]], [[Lahore]]}}</ref> is the [[national language]] of [[Pakistan]] and a recognized [[regional language|regional dialect]] in India. Urdu is an [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan language]], which means that it came from Proto-Indo-Aryan, a language that was spoken northeast of the [[Caspian Sea]] in the second millennium BCE.<ref>Trautmann, Thomas, and Yoda Press. "Indo-European topics."</ref>

Most people in [[Pakistan]] speak it as a [[lingua franca]]. There are parts of [[India]] that speak it, such as [[Delhi]], [[Bihar]], and [[Uttar Pradesh]], for example. Despite a few differences, the words in Hindi are very similar to Urdu. The way it is written, is different from how [[Hindi]] is written. People who speak Hindi and Urdu may be able to able to understand or express the meaning of one of these two scripts.

Most people in [[Pakistan]] speak it as a [[lingua franca]]. There are parts of [[India]] that speak it, such as [[Delhi]], [[Bihar]], and [[Uttar Pradesh]], for example. Despite a few differences, the words in Hindi are very similar to Urdu. The way it is written, is different from how [[Hindi]] is written. People who speak Hindi and Urdu may be able to able to understand or express the meaning of one of either of these two scripts.

== History ==

== History ==

In the 11th century AD, the [[Ghaznavid Empire]] ruled over [[Punjab]], the region characterized by five rivers.<ref name="Dogra, Ramesh Chander 1973">Dogra, Ramesh Chander. "Cataloguing Urdu Names." International Library Review 5.3 (1973): 351-377.</ref>

In the 11th century AD, the [[Ghaznavid Empire]] ruled over [[Punjab]], the region characterized by five rivers.<ref name="Dogra, Ramesh Chander 1973">Dogra, Ramesh Chander. "Cataloguing Urdu Names." International Library Review 5.3 (1973): 351-377.</ref>

The primary language spoken by Ghaznavids, who were of [[Turkic peoples|Turkic ethnicity]], was [[Persian language|Persian]]. The Ghaznavids met the people who spoke an Indo-Aryan dialect after acquiring [[Punjab]] or ''Hind'', which had [[Lahore]] as its capital. The contemporary [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] language derives from this language indigenous to the region.<ref>{{cite book|title=Lahore: Glimpses of a Glorious Heritage|author=Nazir Ahmed Chaudhry|year=1998|page=18|publisher=Sang-e-Meel Publications, 1998, [[University of Michigan]] (origin)|isbn=9693509447}}</ref>

The primary language spoken by Ghaznavids, who were of [[Turkic peoples|Turkic ethnicity]], was [[Persian language|Persian]]. The Ghaznavids met the people who spoke an Indo-Aryan dialect after acquiring [[Punjab]] or ''Hind'', which had [[Lahore]] as its capital. The contemporary [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] language derives from this language indigenous to the region.<ref>{{cite book|title=Lahore: Glimpses of a Glorious Heritage|author=Nazir Ahmed Chaudhry|year=1998|page=18|publisher=Sang-e-Meel Publications, 1998, [[University of Michigan]] (origin)|isbn=9693509447}}</ref>

A distinctive dialect, dubbed 'Lashkari Zaban,' was created when Persian and the language of the natives of the region, were merged.<ref name="Dogra, Ramesh Chander 1973"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/uoc/PDF-FILES/(13)%20Kanwal%20Khalid-90-3-2015.pdf|title=Lahore During the Ghaznavid Period|work=Khanwal, Kahlid Associate Professor, College of Art & Design, Punjab University}}</ref>

A distinctive dialect, dubbed 'Lashkari Zaban,' was created when Persian began to influence the language of the natives of the region.<ref name="Dogra, Ramesh Chander 1973"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/uoc/PDF-FILES/(13)%20Kanwal%20Khalid-90-3-2015.pdf|title=Lahore During the Ghaznavid Period|work=Khanwal, Kahlid Associate Professor, College of Art & Design, Punjab University}}</ref>

The Ghaznavids and inhabitants of the area adopted this new language. In the 12th century AD, the Ghaznavids moved to the east of India and brought this language to [[Delhi]]. The language was influenced by the Khariboli dialect that was spoken in the area.<ref>Bailey, T. Grahame. "Urdu: the Name and the Language." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 62.2 (1930): 391-400.</ref>

The Ghaznavids and inhabitants of the area adopted this new language. In the 12th century AD, the Ghaznavids moved to the west of present-day India and brought this language to [[Delhi]]. The language was influenced by the Khariboli dialect that was spoken in the area.<ref>Bailey, T. Grahame. "Urdu: the Name and the Language." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 62.2 (1930): 391-400.</ref>

From Delhi it spread to the northern regions, where it became a standard way of interacting. Khariboli's influence on the language spread to cities like [[Lucknow]] and [[Hyderabad]]. Over the course of time, the language has been referred to in numerous ways.<ref>Shaheen, Shagufta, and Sajjad Shahid. "The Unique Literary Traditions of Dakhnī." Languages and Literary Cultures in Hyderabad (2017): 7.</ref>

From Delhi it spread to the northern regions, where it became a standard way of interacting. Khariboli's influence on the language spread to cities like [[Lucknow]] and [[Hyderabad]]. Over the course of time, the language has been referred to in numerous ways.<ref>Shaheen, Shagufta, and Sajjad Shahid. "The Unique Literary Traditions of Dakhnī." Languages and Literary Cultures in Hyderabad (2017): 7.</ref>

The language commonly referred to as Urdu was used as a court language in numerous South Asian cities, including Delhi and Amritsar.<ref name="Dogra, Ramesh Chander 1973"/>

The language commonly referred to as Urdu was used as a court language in numerous South Asian cities, including Delhi and Amritsar.<ref name="Dogra, Ramesh Chander 1973"/>

During the time of the [[British Empire]], it gained the designation of "[[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]" Hindustan, a name associated with the Indus River. The court proceedings were continuing in the language.

During the time of the [[British Empire]], it gained the designation of "[[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]." Hindustan, a name associated with the [[Indus River]]. The court proceedings were continuing in the language.

It eventually became the first language of many people in [[North India]].

It eventually became the first language of many people in [[North India]].

== Urdu Media ==

== Urdu Media ==

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File:Nuskaha-e-Hamidiyya.jpg|Opening pages of the Urdu divan of Ghalib, 1821

File:Nuskaha-e-Hamidiyya.jpg|Opening pages of the Urdu divan of [[Ghalib]], 1821

File:Geographical distribution of Urdu in India and Pakistan.png|Geographical distribution of Urdu in India and Pakistan.

File:Geographical distribution of Urdu in India and Pakistan.png|Geographical distribution of Urdu in India and Pakistan.