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Line 8: − In [[1842]], [[United States of America|American]] physician [[John Gorrie|Dr. John Gorrie]] used [[Gas compressor|compressor]] technology to create [[ice]], which he used to cool air for his patients.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gorrie Ice Machine, Patent Model|url=https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_846192|website=National Museum of American History|access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref> He hoped eventually to use his ice-making machine to regulate the temperature of buildings and even considered cooling entire cities with a system of centralized air conditioning units.+ − + + + + +
KS update 1.3
In the 19th century [[United Kingdom|British]] [[scientist]] and [[inventor]] [[Michael Faraday]] discovered that compressing and liquefying [[ammonia]] could chill air when the liquefied ammonia was allowed to evaporate.
In the 19th century [[United Kingdom|British]] [[scientist]] and [[inventor]] [[Michael Faraday]] discovered that compressing and liquefying [[ammonia]] could chill air when the liquefied ammonia was allowed to evaporate.
The [[word]] "air conditioner" was first spoken aloud as far back as [[1815]]. It was then that Frenchman [[Jeanne Chabannes]] obtained a [[British]] [[patent]] for a method of "air conditioning and [[temperature]] regulation in dwellings and other buildings." However, the idea took quite a long time to materialize.
Innovations in the late 20th century made air conditioners more common. In 1945, Robert Sherman from Massachusetts invented a portable in-window air conditioner that could cool, heat, humidify, dehumidify, and filter air.<ref>{{cite patent|country=US|number=US2433960A|title=Air conditioning apparatus|status=patent|pubdate=January 6, 1948|fdate=February 13, 1945|pridate=February 13, 1945|gdate=January 6, 1948|invent1=Sherman|inventor1-first=Robert S.|url=https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/16/28/e4/3eb554d15411f0/US2433960.pdf}}</ref> The first inverter air conditioners came out in 1980–1981.<ref>{{cite web|date=March 2021|title=IEEE milestones (39) Inverter Air Conditioners, 1980–1981|url=http://www.ieee-jp.org/japancouncil/jchc/adm/milestone/39Inverter_Air_Conditioners.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240121175703/http://www.ieee-jp.org/japancouncil/jchc/adm/milestone/39Inverter_Air_Conditioners.pdf|archive-date=2024-01-21|access-date=February 9, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=March 16, 2021|title=Inverter Air Conditioners, 1980–1981 IEEE Milestone Celebration Ceremony|url=https://ethw.org/w/images/8/8b/IEEE_Milestone_Leaflet_ENG.PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240121175740/https://ethw.org/w/images/8/8b/IEEE_Milestone_Leaflet_ENG.PDF|archive-date=2024-01-21|access-date=February 9, 2024}}</ref> People start using air conditioners more when household income exceeds $10,000 in warm areas.<ref name="Davis">{{cite journal|last1=Davis|first1=Lucas|last2=Gertler|first2=Paul|last3=Jarvis|first3=Stephen|last4=Wolfram|first4=Catherine|date=July 2021|title=Air conditioning and global inequality|journal=Global Environmental Change|volume=69|pages=102299|bibcode=2021GEC....6902299D|doi=10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102299}}</ref> By 2050, 85% of the increase in air conditioner use is due to global GDP growth, and 15% is due to climate change.<ref name="Davis" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=AC Repair|url=https://75degreeac.com/ac-repair-houston/|access-date=2024-08-13|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Carroll|first=Rory|date=October 26, 2015|title=How America became addicted to air conditioning|newspaper=The Guardian|location=Los Angeles|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/oct/26/how-america-became-addicted-to-air-conditioning|url-status=live|access-date=May 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313201201/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/oct/26/how-america-became-addicted-to-air-conditioning|archive-date=March 13, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Lester|first=Paul|date=July 20, 2015|title=History of Air Conditioning|url=https://www.energy.gov/articles/history-air-conditioning|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605141658/https://www.energy.gov/articles/history-air-conditioning|archive-date=June 5, 2020|access-date=May 12, 2021|publisher=United States Department of Energy}}</ref>
In [[1842]], [[United States of America|American]] physician [[John Gorrie|Dr. John Gorrie]] used [[Gas compressor|compressor]] technology to create [[ice]], which he used to cool air for his patients.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gorrie Ice Machine, Patent Model|url=https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_846192|website=National Museum of American History|access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref> He hoped eventually to use his ice-making [[machine]] to regulate the [[temperature]] of buildings and even considered cooling entire [[City|cities]] with a system of centralized air conditioning units.
It wasn’t until [[1902]] that [[Americans|American]] [[engineer-inventor]] [[Maxim Kilaser]] assembled an industrial refrigeration machine for a printing house in [[Brooklyn]], [[New York City|New York]]. Interestingly, the first air conditioner wasn’t designed to create a pleasant coolness for workers but to combat humidity, which significantly affected the quality of [[printing]].
Innovations in the late [[20th century|20th]] century made air conditioners more common. In 1945, Robert Sherman from [[Massachusetts]] invented a portable in-window air conditioner that could cool, heat, humidify, dehumidify, and filter [[air]].<ref>{{cite patent|country=US|number=US2433960A|title=Air conditioning apparatus|status=patent|pubdate=January 6, 1948|fdate=February 13, 1945|pridate=February 13, 1945|gdate=January 6, 1948|invent1=Sherman|inventor1-first=Robert S.|url=https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/16/28/e4/3eb554d15411f0/US2433960.pdf}}</ref> The first inverter air conditioners came out in 1980–1981.<ref>{{cite web|date=March 2021|title=IEEE milestones (39) Inverter Air Conditioners, 1980–1981|url=http://www.ieee-jp.org/japancouncil/jchc/adm/milestone/39Inverter_Air_Conditioners.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240121175703/http://www.ieee-jp.org/japancouncil/jchc/adm/milestone/39Inverter_Air_Conditioners.pdf|archive-date=2024-01-21|access-date=February 9, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=March 16, 2021|title=Inverter Air Conditioners, 1980–1981 IEEE Milestone Celebration Ceremony|url=https://ethw.org/w/images/8/8b/IEEE_Milestone_Leaflet_ENG.PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240121175740/https://ethw.org/w/images/8/8b/IEEE_Milestone_Leaflet_ENG.PDF|archive-date=2024-01-21|access-date=February 9, 2024}}</ref> [[Human|People]] start using air conditioners more when household income exceeds $10,000 in warm areas.<ref name="Davis">{{cite journal|last1=Davis|first1=Lucas|last2=Gertler|first2=Paul|last3=Jarvis|first3=Stephen|last4=Wolfram|first4=Catherine|date=July 2021|title=Air conditioning and global inequality|journal=Global Environmental Change|volume=69|pages=102299|bibcode=2021GEC....6902299D|doi=10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102299}}</ref> By [[2050]], 85% of the increase in air conditioner use is due to global GDP growth, and 15% is due to climate change.<ref name="Davis" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=AC Repair|url=https://75degreeac.com/ac-repair-houston/|access-date=2024-08-13|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Carroll|first=Rory|date=October 26, 2015|title=How America became addicted to air conditioning|newspaper=The Guardian|location=Los Angeles|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/oct/26/how-america-became-addicted-to-air-conditioning|url-status=live|access-date=May 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313201201/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/oct/26/how-america-became-addicted-to-air-conditioning|archive-date=March 13, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Lester|first=Paul|date=July 20, 2015|title=History of Air Conditioning|url=https://www.energy.gov/articles/history-air-conditioning|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605141658/https://www.energy.gov/articles/history-air-conditioning|archive-date=June 5, 2020|access-date=May 12, 2021|publisher=United States Department of Energy}}</ref>
== Air conditioning applications ==
== Air conditioning applications ==
Air conditioning engineers broadly divide air conditioning applications into ''comfort'' and ''process''.
Air conditioning engineers broadly divide air conditioning applications into ''comfort'' and ''process''.