941,697
edits
Changes
mLine 1:
Line 1: − + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + − File:Polydactyly.jpg|Male with unilateral preaxial polydactyly affecting the left thumb. The supernumerary digit had normal sensation but no joint and hence could not move independently. − Line 13:
Line 58: − + + + − + − + − + + + − + + + + +
KS update 1.3
[[File:Polydactyly 01 Lhand AP.jpg|thumb|Left hand with sixth finger]]
[[File:Polydactyly 01 Lhand AP.jpg|thumb|Left hand with sixth finger. This is an example of polydactyly.]]
'''Polydactyly''' is a [[birth defect]] which may affects the hands, feet, or both. It causes one or more extra [[finger]]s or [[toe]]s. It can affect people, and other [[mammals]] such as [[dog]]s, and [[cat]]s.
'''Polydactyly''' is a [[birth defect]] which may affects the hands, feet, or both. It causes one or more extra [[finger]]s or [[toe]]s. It can affect people, and other [[mammals]] such as [[dog]]s, and [[cat]]s.
It is also called '''hyperdactyly'''. It is the opposite of [[oligodactyly]].
== Diagnosis/Classification ==
== Ulnar polydactyly ==
The classification of ulnar polydactyly exists of either two or three types. In type A, there is another [[finger]] at the metacarpophalangeal [[joint]]. In type B, there may be a nubbin to an extra [[finger]] part.
== Radial polydactyly ==
The [[Wassel classification]] is the most popular classification of radial polydactyly. It is widely used by many scientists.
== People with polydactyly ==
== Real-life people ==
* [[Antonio Alfonseca]], retired baseball pitcher.
* Endre Ady, a Hungarian poet
* Gemma Arterton, an English actress
* Robert Chambers and William
* Lucille Clifton, an African-American poet and civil rights advocate
* Zerah Colburn, American prodigious math calculating savant
* [[:zh:蔡一智|Calvin Choy]], a Hong Kong singer
* Vicente Fox, former President of Mexico
* Danny Garcia, boxing champion
* Yoandri Hernández Garrido has six fully formed fingers on both hands and six perfect toes on each foot.
* Hampton Hawes, jazz pianist
* Henry II the Pious, High Duke of Poland 1238–1241
* Hong Hong has 31 fingers and toes.
* Kamani Hubbard was born with 12 fingers and 12 toes, all fully functional.
* Johann Jacob Freiherr von Moscon, Lower Styrian baron
* Jiang Qing, Mao Zedong's fourth wife
* Hrithik Roshan, a [[Bollywood]] actor
* Nayanthara, an Indian actress
* Akshat Saxena from Uttar Pradesh, India
* [[Garfield Sobers]], West Indian cricketer
* [[Hound Dog Taylor|Theodore Roosevelt "Hound Dog" Taylor]], Chicago-based American blues guitarist
* Varalakshmi V
* [[Volcacius Sedigitus]], a Roman poet
* [[Zhu Yunming]], a Chinese calligrapher, had six fingers on his right hand.<sup>[''citation needed'']</sup>
* Reggy B, a drag queen and contestant on the second season of Drag Race Holland
== Fictional people ==
* [[Hannibal Lecter]] from ''[[The Silence of the Lambs (novel)|The Silence of the Lambs]]''
* Stanford Pines from ''[[Gravity Falls]]''
* Tyrone Rugen from ''[[The Princess Bride (novel)|The Princess Bride]]''
* Void from the manga series ''[[Berserk (manga)|Berserk]]''
* Zigzag from ''[[The Thief and the Cobbler]]''
* Billy from ''[[Adventure Time]]''
* Kinzo Ushiromiya from ''[[Umineko When They Cry]]''
* Leah Nichols from ''For Better or For Worse''
[[File:Newborn with polydactyly of both feet.jpg|thumb|A baby with polydactyly on the feet]]
== Polydactyly Media ==
== Polydactyly Media ==
<gallery widths='160px' heights='100%' mode='traditional' caption=''>
<gallery widths='160px' heights='100%' mode='traditional' caption=''>
File:Polydactyly postaxial.gif|Illustration of a postaxial polydactyly right hand.
File:Polydactyly postaxial.gif|Illustration of a postaxial polydactyly right hand.
File:Shh ectopic expression.gif|Preaxial polydactyly: Ectopic SHH-expression, Hemingway mutant, mouse, right forelimb
File:Shh ectopic expression.gif|Preaxial polydactyly: Ectopic SHH-expression, Hemingway mutant, mouse, right forelimb
File:X-ray of feet in polydactyly.jpg|Right-sided duplication of the right little toe in an 8.5 months old male, with two toes (fifth and sixth) apparently forming joints with the fifth metatarsal bone, which is mildly broadened distally. The duplicated toes have almost normal growth. The fifth toe has mild [[Varus deformity|varus angulation]], and the sixth toe has substantial [[Valgus deformity|valgus angulation]].
File:Nuremberg chronicles - Strange People - Twelve Fingers (XIIv).jpg|Twelve-fingered man, illustrated in the 1493 ''[[Nuremberg Chronicles]]''
File:Fig 5 29-11-2013-vereinfacht-deutsch.jpg|Biased number of polydactylous toes in a [[Maine Coon]] population
File:Polydactyly Left Hand.jpg|Type 1 ulnar polydactyly – an extra digit is attached by skin and nerves.
File:Polydactyly (cropped).jpg|Male with unilateral preaxial polydactyly affecting the left thumb. The supernumerary digit had normal sensation but no joint and hence could not move independently.
File:Polydactyly 01 Lfoot AP.jpg|Left foot with postaxial polydactyly of 5th ray
File:Polydactyly Left Hand.jpg|Type 1 ulnar polydactyly. An extra digit is attached by skin and nerves.
File:Preaxial polydactyly right hand.jpg|Preaxial polydactyly of the right hand.
File:Preaxial polydactyly right hand.jpg|Preaxial polydactyly of the right hand.
File:Nuremberg chronicles - Strange People - Twelve Fingers (XIIv).jpg|Twelve-fingered man, illustrated in the 1493 ''[[Nuremberg Chronicles]]''
File:X-ray of feet in polydactyly.jpg|Right-sided duplication of the right little toe in an 8.5 months old male, with two toes (fifth and sixth) apparently forming joints with the fifth metatarsal bone, which is mildly broadened distally. The duplicated toes have almost normal growth. The fifth toe has mild [[Varus deformity|varus angulation]], and the sixth toe has substantial [[Valgus deformity|valgus angulation]].
</gallery>
</gallery>
== Related pages ==
* [[Oligodactyly]]
== References ==
== References ==
{{commons category}}{{science-stub}}
{{commons category}}
# <small>Swanson AB (1976). "A classification for congenital limb malformations". J Hand Surg Am. 1 (1): 8–22. doi:10.1016/s0363-5023(76)80021-4. <nowiki>PMID 1021591</nowiki>.Watt AJ, Chung KC (2009). "Duplication". Hand Clin. 25 (2): 215–227. doi:10.1016/j.hcl.2009.01.001. <nowiki>PMID 19380061</nowiki>.</small>
# <small>Biesecker LG (2002). "Polydactyly: how many disorders and how many genes". Am J Med Genet. 12 (3): 279–83. doi:10.1002/ajmg.10779. <nowiki>PMID 12357471</nowiki>.</small>
# <small>Hirota, Yuka; Ueda, Koichi; Umeda, Chizuru; Yoshida, Eriko (2022-11-03). "New Notations for Better Morphological Distinction of Postaxial Polydactyly of the Foot". Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open. 10 (11): e4504. doi:10.1097/GOX.0000000000004504. ISSN 2169-7574. PMC 9633084. <nowiki>PMID 36348750</nowiki>.</small>
# <small>Eaton, Charles. "Polydactyly (Extra Fingers)". Retrieved 9 February 2010.</small>
[[Category:Limbs and extremities]]
[[Category:Limbs and extremities]]
[[Category:Developmental disorders]]
[[Category:Developmental disorders]]