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'''Calvin Coolidge''' (born '''John Calvin Coolidge Jr.'''; July 4, 1872 &ndash; January 5, 1933) was the 30th [[president of the United States]] between 1923 and 1929. He was a [[Conservatives in the United States|conservative]] who supported business and lower taxes.<ref name=":0" />

'''Calvin Coolidge''' (born '''John Calvin Coolidge Jr.'''; July 4, 1872 &ndash; January 5, 1933) was the 30th [[president of the United States]] between 1923 and 1929. He was a [[Conservatives in the United States|conservative]] who supported less intervention in business and lower taxes.<ref name=":0" />

== Family life ==

== Family ==

He was the only president of the United States to be born on July 4.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.historyrocket.com/American-History/political-history/calvin-coolidge/Interesting-Facts-About-Calvin-Coolidge.html|title=Interesting Facts About Calvin Coolidge|publisher=History Rocket.com|accessdate=November 4, 2013|archive-date=June 10, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610092702/http://www.historyrocket.com/American-History/political-history/calvin-coolidge/Interesting-Facts-About-Calvin-Coolidge.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> He was married to [[Grace Coolidge]] and had 2 children: John Calvin Coolidge III (born September 6, 1906 - died May 31, 2000) and John [[John Calvin Coolidge IV|Calvin Jr.]] (born April 13, 1908 - died July 7, 1924). His younger son John Calvin Coolidge IV died at 16 while playing tennis at the [[White House]]. His son was wearing tennis shoes without socks and died from a toe infection. He was buried at the foot of Hill Cemetery. After this, President Coolidge may have been [[Depression (mental illness)|depressed]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Beatty|first=Jack|date=2003-12-31|title=President Coolidge's Burden|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2003/12/president-coolidges-burden/303175/|access-date=2020-09-16|website=The Atlantic|language=en-US}}</ref>

He was the only [[president of the United States]] to be born on July 4.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.historyrocket.com/American-History/political-history/calvin-coolidge/Interesting-Facts-About-Calvin-Coolidge.html|title=Interesting Facts About Calvin Coolidge|publisher=History Rocket.com|accessdate=November 4, 2013|archive-date=June 10, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610092702/http://www.historyrocket.com/American-History/political-history/calvin-coolidge/Interesting-Facts-About-Calvin-Coolidge.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> He married [[Grace Coolidge]], and they had two children: John Calvin Coolidge III (born September 6, 1906 - died May 31, 2000) and John Calvin IV (born April 13, 1908 - died July 7, 1924). His younger son died at 16 while he was playing tennis at the [[White House]]. He was wearing tennis shoes without socks and died from a toe infection. He was buried at the foot of Hill Cemetery. That may have caused President Coolidge to become [[Depression (mental illness)|depressed]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Beatty|first=Jack|date=2003-12-31|title=President Coolidge's Burden|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2003/12/president-coolidges-burden/303175/|access-date=2020-09-16|website=The Atlantic|language=en-US}}</ref>

== Political career ==

== Political career ==

Coolidge served as the Mayor of [[Northampton, Massachusetts]]. He later served as the [[Governor of Massachusetts]]. As governor, he became famous because of his response during the Boston Police Strike. Coolidge fired the police who went on strike and gave the jobs to unemployed World War 1 veterans (he gave the same bonuses that the striking policemen asked for to the veterans).

Coolidge served as the [[mayor]] of [[Northampton, Massachusetts]]. He later served as the [[governor of Massachusetts]]. As [[governor]], he became famous because of his response during the [[Boston]] Police Strike. Coolidge fired the police who went on strike and gave the jobs to unemployed [[World War I]] veterans. He gave to the veterans the same bonuses that the striking policemen were asking for.

In 1920, he was nominated [[United States Vice President|Vice President]] under Warren G. Harding. The Harding-Coolidge team won easily. Harding died in 1923 and Coolidge became the next [[President (United States)|president]]. He was [[First inauguration of Calvin Coolidge|inaugurated]] at his family farm in [[Vermont]] by his father [[John Calvin Coolidge Sr.]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vermonthistory.org/journal/62/CoolidgeInauguration.pdf|title=Coolidge Inauguration|publisher=Vermont History|accessdate=December 30, 2024}}</ref>

In 1920, he was nominated [[Vice President of the United States|vice president]] under Warren G. Harding. The Harding-Coolidge team won easily. Harding died in 1923, and Coolidge became the next [[President (United States)|president]]. He was [[First inauguration of Calvin Coolidge|inaugurated]] at his family farm in [[Vermont]] by his father, [[John Calvin Coolidge Sr.]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vermonthistory.org/journal/62/CoolidgeInauguration.pdf|title=Coolidge Inauguration|publisher=Vermont History|accessdate=December 30, 2024}}</ref>

Coolidge finished Harding's term and was elected in 1924 to continue to be the country's president.

Coolidge finished Harding's term and was elected in 1924 to continue to be the [[United States]] president.

Coolidge was president during a prosperous economy and the country did not face many challenges. He believed that the federal government should be as small as possible. He supported tax cuts and wanted the federal government to not intervene in the economy. He was the first president to lead a public celebration of the Christmas holidays.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehousehistory.org/the-life-and-presidency-of-calvin-coolidge|title=The Life and Presidency of Calvin Coolidge|publisher=White House History|accessdate=December 20, 2024}}</ref>

Coolidge was president during a prosperous economy, and the country did not face many challenges. He believed that the federal government should be as small as possible. He supported tax cuts and wanted the federal government to avoid intervening in the economy. He was the first president to lead a public celebration of the Christmas holidays.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehousehistory.org/the-life-and-presidency-of-calvin-coolidge|title=The Life and Presidency of Calvin Coolidge|publisher=White House History|accessdate=December 20, 2024}}</ref>

Coolidge was criticized for refusing to give [[subsidy|subsidies]] to farmers and when a giant flood happened in Mississippi during 1927, he did not want the federal government to be involved. This was part of his belief of [[federalism]], that the country's problems should be solved mainly by state governments and local governments rather than the federal government.  

Coolidge was criticized for refusing to give [[subsidy|subsidies]] to farmers.Also, when a giant flood happened on the [[Mississippi River]] in 1927, he did not want the federal government to be involved. That was part of his belief of [[federalism]] in which the country's problems should be solved mainly by state and local governments, rather than the federal government.  

He did not run for re-election in 1928 and published [[The Autobiography of Calvin Coolidge|his autobiography]] the following year. he died of a heart attack in Massachusetts at age 60

He did not run for re-election in 1928 and published [[The Autobiography of Calvin Coolidge|his autobiography]] the following year. He died of a heart attack in Massachusetts when he was 60.

The legacy of Calvin Coolidge is mixed. People who support more federal government involvement in the economy do not like him. People who support less federal government involvement in the economy like him.

Hislegacy is mixed. People who support more federal government involvement in the economy do not like him. People who support less federal government involvement in the economy like him.

== Silent Cal ==

== "Silent Cal" ==

Calvin Coolidge was nicknamed "Silent Cal" because he did not talk much. There is a story that at a dinner party, a woman once told Coolidge that she could get more than two words out of him, to which he replied "You lose."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Af8DAAAAMBAJ&dq=calvin+coolidge+%22you+lose%22+%22two+words+out+of+you%22&pg=PA20|title=Boys' Life|first=Boy Scouts of America|last=Inc|date=January 1997|publisher=Boy Scouts of America, Inc.|via=Google Books}}</ref>

Coolidge was nicknamed "Silent Cal" because he did not talk much. There is a story that at a dinner party, a woman once told Coolidge that she could get more than two words out of him and that he replied, "You lose."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Af8DAAAAMBAJ&dq=calvin+coolidge+%22you+lose%22+%22two+words+out+of+you%22&pg=PA20|title=Boys' Life|first=Boy Scouts of America|last=Inc|date=January 1997|publisher=Boy Scouts of America, Inc.|via=Google Books}}</ref>

== Calvin Coolidge Media ==

== Calvin Coolidge Media ==

[[Category:Capitalism]]

[[Category:Capitalism]]

[[Category:Vice presidents of the United States]]

[[Category:Vice presidents of the United States]]