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KS update 1.4
|national_motto = "Each Endeavouring, All Achieving"
|national_motto = "Each Endeavouring, All Achieving"
|national_anthem = ''[[Fair Antigua, We Salute Thee]]''
|national_anthem = ''[[Fair Antigua, We Salute Thee]]''
|royal_anthem = ''[[God Save the Queen]]'' <sup>a</sup>
|royal_anthem = ''[[God Save the King]]'' <sup>a</sup>
|capital = [[St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda|Saint John's]]
|capital = [[St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda|Saint John's]]
|official_languages = [[English language|English]]
|official_languages = [[English language|English]]
|sport_code = |vehicle_code =
|sport_code = |vehicle_code =
|cctld = [[.ag]]
|cctld = [[.ag]]
|footnote_a = ''God Save The Queen'' is the official national anthem, but is generally used only on regal and vice-regal occasions.
|footnote_a = ''God Save The King'' is the official national anthem, but is generally used only on regal and vice-regal occasions.
}}
}}
'''Antigua and Barbuda''' is an [[island nation]] in the eastern [[Caribbean Sea]] on the boundary with the [[Atlantic Ocean]]. [[Antigua]] and [[Barbuda]] are part of the [[Lesser Antilles]] [[archipelago]]. In 2011, about 81,800 people lived there. The capital and largest port and city is [[St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda|St. John's]], on Antigua. The country used to be a part of the [[British Empire]]. The nation still belongs to the [[British Commonwealth]].
'''Antigua and Barbuda''' is an [[island nation]] in the eastern [[Caribbean Sea]] on the boundary with the [[Atlantic Ocean]]. [[Antigua]] and [[Barbuda]] are part of the [[Lesser Antilles]] [[archipelago]]. In 2011, about 81,800 people lived there. The capital and largest port and city is [[St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda|St. John's]], on Antigua. The country used to be a part of the [[British Empire]]. The nation still belongs to the [[British Commonwealth]].
The original inhabitants of Antigua and Barbuda were indigenous the Taino and the Kalinago.
The original inhabitants of Antigua and Barbuda were indigenous the Taino and the Kalinago.
== History ==
== Pre-colonial period ==
The first people to live in Antigua were Indigenous hunter-gatherers called the Ciboney. They arrived around 3100 BC. Later, a group called the [[Arawak people|Arawak]]-speaking Saladoid people came from the [[Orinoco|Orinoco River]] area. They brought farming and grew crops like the famous Antigua Black Pineapple, corn, sweet potatoes, chilies, guava, tobacco, and cotton. After them, the Caribs came to the island.
== European arrival and slavery ==
[[Christopher Columbus]] was the first European to see [[Antigua]] in 1493. The Spanish didn’t settle there, but diseases, poor health, and slavery killed most of the native people. Smallpox was likely the deadliest disease.
The English settled on Antigua in 1632. In 1685, Christopher Codrington settled on Barbuda. They grew tobacco and then sugar, using many African slaves who soon outnumbered the Europeans.
== Colonial era ==
The English stayed in control, fighting off a French attack in 1666. Slaves faced very harsh treatment, which led to revolts in 1701 and 1729. A major revolt was planned in 1736, led by Prince Klaas, but it was discovered early and the leaders were executed.
[[Slavery]] was ended in the [[British Empire]] in 1833, which hurt the islands’ economy. Natural disasters like the 1843 earthquake and 1847 hurricane made things worse.
Mining took place on the island of Redonda but stopped in 1929. The island has been uninhabited since.
Antigua and Barbuda were part of the British colony called the [[Leeward Islands]]. From 1958 to 1962, they joined the short-lived [[West Indies Federation]]. In 1967, they became a self-governing state linked to the UK.
During the 1970s, there were many talks about independence. There was also political rivalry between [[Vere Bird]] of the Antigua and Barbuda Labour Party (ABLP) and [[George Walter]] of the Progressive Labour Movement (PLM).
Antigua and Barbuda became fully independent on 1 November 1981. Vere Bird became the first Prime Minister. The country stayed in the [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] and kept [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] as head of state. The first governor-general was Sir [[Wilfred Jacobs]]. Later ones included [[James Carlisle]], [[Louise Lake-Tack]], and currently [[Rodney Williams (governor-general)|Rodney Williams]] (since 2014).
== Independence era ==
After independence, politics were mostly controlled by the Bird family and the ABLP. Vere Bird led until 1994, followed by his son Lester Bird until 2004. They helped tourism grow but were often accused of corruption and mismanagement.
In 1990, Vere Bird Jr. left the government after being linked to a scandal involving weapons smuggling. Another son, Ivor Bird, was convicted of selling cocaine in 1995.
[[Hurricane Luis]] caused major damage to Barbuda in 1995.
In 2004, the ABLP lost to the United Progressive Party (UPP), and Winston Baldwin Spencer became Prime Minister until 2014. In that year, the ABLP returned to power with [[Gaston Browne]] as Prime Minister. In the 2018 election, ABLP won 15 out of 17 seats.
In 2016, Nelson’s Dockyard became a [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]].
In September 2017, [[Hurricane Irma]] hit Barbuda with winds up to 295 km/h (185 mph), destroying 95% of its buildings. Almost everyone had to leave for Antigua. Rebuilding was expected to cost at least $100 million. The government also announced that residents could buy land, ending a long tradition of shared land ownership. Some criticized this change as taking advantage of the disaster.
== Divisions ==
== Divisions ==
== Antigua And Barbuda Media ==
== Antigua And Barbuda Media ==
<gallery widths='160px' heights='100%' mode='traditional' caption=''>
<gallery widths='160px' heights='100%' mode='traditional' caption=''>
File:Antigua and Barbuda National Anthem.ogg|The national anthem of Antigua, "Fair Antigua, We Salute Thee", performed by the US Navy Band
File:Antigua and Barbuda National Anthem.ogg|Antigua and Barbuda National Anthem
File:United States Navy Band - God Save the Queen.ogg|Instrumental recording of "God Save the King" the national anthem of the United Kingdom; the same tune is also used for "Oben am jungen Rhein", the national anthem of Liechtenstein.
File:Antigua and Barbuda-CIA WFB Map.png|:AntiguaandBarbudaCIAWFBMap
File:The Mill Yard - Ten Views in the Island of Antigua (1823), plate V - BL.jpg|*The Mill Yard Grinding sugar cane in a windmill.
File:The Mill Yard - Ten Views in the Island of Antigua (1823), plate V - BL.jpg|*The Mill Yard Grinding sugar cane in a windmill.
File:1953 Antigua stamps.jpg|The Queen on 1953 Antiguan stamps
File:1953 Antigua stamps.jpg|Queen Elizabeth II on 1953 Antiguan stamps
File:Antigua-Barbuda-demography.png|Antigua & Barbuda's population (1961–2010). Number of inhabitants in thousands.
File:Population density map of Antigua, 2011.svg|Population density map of Antigua in 2011
File:St Johns Antigua 2012.jpg|View of downtown St. John's, the capital of Antigua and Barbuda, on the island of Antigua. Taken from Mount St. John's Medical Center.
File:Largest ethnic group by enumeration district (2011).svg|Largest ethnic group by enumeration district in Antigua, 2011{{Legend-col|{{legend|#999999ff|African}}|{{legend|#FF0000|White}}|{{legend|#000080|Other mixed}}|{{legend|#000000|Uninhabited}}*}}
File:Antigua.St.John.from west.wmt.jpg|St. John's parish on Antigua.
File:Map_of_Antiguan_and_Barbudan_Creole_dialects.svg|Creole dialects in Antigua and Barbuda
File:Antigua and Barbuda embassy in Athens.jpg|The embassy of Antigua and Barbuda in Athens, Greece.
File:Parliament of Antigua and Barbuda.JPG|The [[Antigua and Barbuda Parliament Building|meeting place]] of the Parliament of Antigua and Barbuda
File:Cricket ground.jpg|The [[Antigua Recreation Ground]].
File:Office of the Prime Minister, St. John's.jpg|The Office of the Prime Minister, the headquarters of the executive branch–funds to build an official residence for the Prime Minister were instead used to build the [[Sir Vivian Richards Stadium]]
</gallery>
</gallery>
== Related pages ==
== Related pages ==