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KS update 1.4
#REDIRECT [[Iraq]]
{{Short description|Hashemite Iraqi Kingdom (1932–1958)}}
{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq
| common_name = Iraq
| era = {{Hlist | [[Interwar period]] | [[Second World War|World War II]] | [[Cold War]]}}
| event_start = Independence from [[United Kingdom]]
| year_start = 1932
| date_start = 3 October
| event2 = [[1941 Iraqi coup d'état|Coup d'état]]
| date_event2 = 1 April 1941
| event3 = [[Anglo-Iraqi War]]
| date_event3 = 2–31 May 1941
| event4 = [[Baghdad Pact]]
| date_event4 = 24 February 1955
| event_end = [[14 July Revolution|Monarchy abolished]]
| year_end = 1958
| date_end = 14 July
| p1 = Mandatory Iraq
| flag_p1 = Flag of Iraq (1921–1959).svg
| flag_type = [[Flag of Iraq#Kingdom of Iraq (1921–1958)|Flag]]
| s1 = Arab Federation
| flag_s1 = Flag of the Arab Federation.svg
| image_flag = Flag of Iraq (1921–1959).svg
| image_coat = Kingdom of Iraq CoA.png
| symbol_type = [[Coat of arms of Iraq#1921–1958|Coat of arms]]
| image_map = Iraq_1932.png
| map_width = 250px
| capital = [[Baghdad]]
| largest_city = capital
| anthem = {{lang|ar|السلام الملكي}}<br/>''[[As-Salam al-Malaki]]''<br /><small>"The Royal Salute"</small><br />[[File:Former Iraqi national anthem, 1924-1958.oga|center]]
| recognised_languages = [[Armenian language|Armenian]]<br/>[[Assyrian Neo-Aramaic|Assyrian]]<br/>[[Kurdish language|Kurdish]]<br/>[[Persian language|Persian]]<br/>[[English language|English]]
| religion = {{Ubl | [[Islam]] (80%) | [[Christianity]] (15%) | [[Judaism]] (2%) | [[Yazidism]] (2%) | [[Mandaeism]] (1%)}}
| demonym = [[Iraqis|Iraqi]]
| government_type = Unitary [[constitutional monarchy]]
| title_leader = [[King of Iraq|King]]
| leader1 = [[Faisal I of Iraq|Faisal I]]
| year_leader1 = 1932–1933
| leader2 = [[Ghazi of Iraq|Ghazi]]
| year_leader2 = 1933–1939
| leader3 = [[Faisal II of Iraq|Faisal II]]
| year_leader3 = 1939–1958
| title_representative = [[Regent of Iraq|Regent]]
| representative1 = [['Abd al-Ilah|Prince Abdullah]]
| year_representative1 = 1939–1941 (1st time)
| representative2 = [[Sharaf bin Rajeh]]
| year_representative2 = 1941
| representative3 = [['Abd al-Ilah|Prince Abdullah]]
| year_representative3 = {{nowrap|1941–1953 (2nd time)}}
| title_deputy = [[List of Prime Ministers of Iraq|Prime Minister]]
| deputy1 = {{nowrap|[[Naji Shawkat]]}}
| year_deputy1 = 1932–1933 (first)
| deputy2 = [[Ahmad Mukhtar Baban]]
| year_deputy2 = 1958–1958 (last)
| legislature = [[Parliament]]
| house1 = [[Senate of Iraq|Senate]]
| type_house1 = Upper Chamber
| house2 = [[Chamber of Deputies of Iraq|Chamber of Deputies]]
| type_house2 = Lower Chamber
| currency = [[Iraqi dinar]]
| today = [[Iraq]]
| iso3166code = omit
| official_languages = [[Arabic]]
| native_name = {{Ubl
| {{langx|ar|المملكة العراقية الهاشمية|italic=no}}
| {{Transliteration|ar|al-Mamlakah al-ʿIrāqiyyah ʾal-Hāshimyyah}}
}}
}}
{{History of Iraq}}
The '''Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq'''{{efn|{{langx|ar|المملكة العراقية الهاشمية|translit=al-Mamlakah al-ʿIrāqiyyah ʾal-Hāshimiyyah}}, {{Literal translation|Iraqi Hashemite Kingdom}}}} was the Iraqi state located in the [[Middle East]] from 1932 to 1958. It was founded on 23 August 1921 as the '''Kingdom of Iraq''', following the defeat of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in the [[Mesopotamian campaign]] of the [[First World War]]. Although a [[British Mandate for Mesopotamia (legal instrument)|League of Nations mandate]] was awarded to the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]] in 1920, the [[1920 Iraqi revolt]] resulted in the scrapping of the original mandate plan in favour of a formally sovereign Iraqi kingdom, but one that was under effective British administration. The plan was formally established by the [[Anglo-Iraqi Treaty]]. The population of the Kingdom was 2.8 million at the founding in 1928, and by the end of the Kingdom in 1958 it was 6.5 million.
The role of the United Kingdom in the formal administration of the Kingdom of Iraq was ended in 1932,<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=eaZGqG2thWAC&dq=%22kingdom+of+Iraq%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA67 Hunt, C. 2005]</ref> following the [[Anglo-Iraqi Treaty (1930)]]. Now officially a fully independent kingdom, officially named the ''Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq'', it underwent a period of turbulence under its Hashemite rulers throughout its entire existence. Establishment of Sunni religious domination in Iraq was followed by [[Simele massacre|Assyrian]], [[1935 Yazidi revolt|Yazidi]] and [[1935–1936 Iraqi Shia revolts|Shi'a]] unrests, which were all brutally suppressed.{{Citation needed|date=November 2015}} In 1936, the [[1936 Iraqi coup d'état|first military coup]] took place in the Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq, as [[Bakr Sidqi]] succeeded in replacing the acting Prime Minister with his associate. Multiple coups followed in a period of political instability, peaking in 1941.
During the [[Second World War]], the Iraqi government of the [[Prince-Regent]], [[Prince]] [['Abd al-Ilah]], was [[1941 Iraqi coup d'état|overthrown in 1941]] by the [[Golden Square (Iraq)|Golden Square]] officers, headed by [[Rashid Ali]]. The short-lived pro-Nazi government of Iraq was defeated in May 1941 by the Allied forces in the [[Anglo-Iraqi War]]. Iraq was later used as a base for Allied attacks on the Vichy-French-held [[Mandate of Syria]] and support for the [[Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran]]. At the same time, the Kurdish leader [[Mustafa Barzani]] led a [[1943 Barzani revolt|rebellion]] against the central government in Baghdad. After the failure of the uprising, Barzani and his followers fled to the [[Soviet Union]].
In 1945, during the final stages of [[World War II]], Iraq joined the [[United Nations]] and became a founding member of the [[Arab League]]. In 1948, massive violent protests, known as the [[Al-Wathbah uprising]], broke out across Baghdad as a popular demand against the government treaty with the British, and with support from the communists. More protests continued in the spring, but were interrupted in May, when martial law was imposed after Iraq entered the [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]] along with other members of the Arab League.
In February 1958, [[Hussein of Jordan|King Hussein]] of [[Jordan]] and Prince `Abd al-Ilāh proposed a union of Hāshimite monarchies to counter the recently formed [[United Arab Republic|Egyptian–Syrian union]]. The resulting [[Arab Federation]], formed on 14 February 1958, was short-lived and ended the same year with a military [[14 July Revolution|coup]] led by [[Abdul-Karim Qasim]] deposing the monarchy.