Surveillance

A nest of surveillance cameras

Surveillance means watching someone or something. It may be secret, and many methods are used including telephone tapping to listen to the person's calls and putting an electronic listening device, a bug, into a room.

Governments and the military have built large facilities designed to listen in to communications between other governments and military groups. For example the U.S. has a large base at Pine Gap near Alice Springs, Australia, which listens to communication signals from all over the world.

Eavesdropping is also surveillance, but often without much planning. It means listening to things you aren't supposed to hear. It is a deliberate act, rather than simply overhearing someone else talking.

Surveillance methods

WWII aerial photo of the V2 rocket test stand at Peenemünde.

Soviet truck convoy carrying atomic missiles near San Cristobal, Cuba, on Oct. 14, 1962 (taken by a U-2)

Many people engage in surveillance for many purposes. That purpose may be crime prevention, alerting for attacks, or general gathering of information for a political purpose. The results of surveillance are sometimes called "intelligence". Surveillance collects information for police, intelligence agencies, military planners or commercial firms.

This may include observation from a distance by means of electronic equipment (such as CCTV cameras), or interception of electronically transmitted information (such as internet traffic or phone calls).

Surveillance may include simple, relatively low-technology methods such as watchtowers, human intelligence agents and postal interception. On the other hand, global surveillance is done by satellite cameras on a daily basis. Such satellites are called "reconnaissance satellite" or spy satellites.

The word surveillance comes from a French phrase for "watching over" ("sur" means "from above" and "veiller" means "to watch").

Surveillance Media

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  Surveillance video cameras above marina in Gdynia.

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  Surveillance Camera to support the Washington, DC Police

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  Official seal of the Information Awareness Office – a U.S. agency which developed technologies for mass surveillance

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  The headquarters of UK intelligence activities is Government Communications Headquarters, Cheltenham, England (2017)

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  A surveillance camera in Cairns, Queensland

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  Surveillance cameras such as these are installed by the millions in many countries, and are nowadays monitored by automated computer programs instead of humans.

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  A payload surveillance camera manufactured by Controp and distributed to the U.S. government by ADI Technologies

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  Fingerprints being scanned as part of the US-VISIT program

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  Micro Air Vehicle with attached surveillance camera

Related pages

• Mass surveillance in the United States