Template:Consonants/doc

Example

Input1

{{cons|trill}}
{{cons|oral}}
{{cons|voiced}}
{{cons|glottal}}

Output1

• Its behavior is trill. It means that we produce this sound by directing air over the articulator so that it vibrates.

• It is an oral consonant. It means that air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.

• Its phonation is voiced. It means that the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.

• We produce it at glottal. It means that we produce this sound at the vocal cords (vocal folds) and by the vocal cords.

Input2

{{cons|trill|oral|voiced|glottal}}

Output2

• Its behavior is trill. It means that we produce this sound by directing air over the articulator so that it vibrates.
• It is an oral consonant. It means that air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
• Its phonation is voiced. It means that the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
• We produce it at glottal. It means that we produce this sound at the vocal cords (vocal folds) and by the vocal cords.

Detail

Parameter	Output
Affricate	Its behavior is affricate. It means that we produce this sound by first stopping the air flowing from your mouth, then allow air flow through a constricted channel at the place we produce this sound, to make turbulence.
Alveolar	We produce it at alveolar. It means that we produce this sound with the tip of the tongue(apical) or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge (laminal).
Alveolo-palatal	We produce it at alveolo-palatal. This means that: We produce it at postalveolar. It means that the tongue touches the top of the mouth in the place behind the alveolar ridge (the gum line). Its tongue shape is laminal. It means that the tongue blade touches the top of the mouth. It is palatalized. It means that the middle of the tongue bowed, raised towards the hard palate.
Approximant	Its behavior is approximant. It means that we produce this sound by narrowing the vocal tract at the place we produce this sound, but not narrowing to much to produce a turbulent airstream.
Approximant-fricative	Its behavior changes between approximant and fricative. It means that we produce this sound by narrowing the vocal tract at the place of articulation, but generally not to narrow too much to produce much turbulence in the airstream. Languages think that voiced fricatives and approximants produced in the throat are the same.
Bilabial	We produce it at bilabial. It means that we produce this sound with both lips.
Central articulation	It is a central consonant. It means that we produce this sound by directing the air along the center of the tongue, but not to the sides.
Central click	They are central consonants. It means that we produce them by releasing the air at the center of the tongue, but not at the sides.
Central-lateral	We do not produce this sound with air flowing over the tongue. So, the central–lateral dichotomy is not suitable.
Click manner	The basic way of producing this sound may be voiced, nasal, aspirated, glottalized, etc.
Dental	We produce it at dental. It means that we produce this sound with the tongue at the upper teeth, the lower teeth, or both the upper teeth and the lower teeth. (Many stops and liquids that we say it is dental consonants are actually denti-alveolar consonants.)
Ejective	The airstream mechanism is ejective (glottalic egressive). It means that the air is forced out by pumping the glottis upward.
Epiglottal	We produce it at epiglottal. It means that we produce this sound with the aryepiglottic folds against the epiglottis.
Flap	Its behavior is flap. It means that we produce this sound with a single contraction of the muscles, to make we throw one of the thing we use to produce this sound (usually the tongue) against another.
Fricative	Its behavior is fricative. It means that we produce this sound by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, to make turbulence.
Glottal	We produce it at glottal. It means that we produce this sound at the vocal cords (vocal folds) and by the vocal cords.
Implosive	The airstream mechanism is implosive (glottalic ingressive). It means that we produce this sound by pulling air in by pumping the glottis downward. This sound is voiced, so we do not completely close the glottis, but we allow a pulmonic airstream to escape through it.
Labial-velar	We produce it at labial–velar. It means that we produce this sound with the lips and with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum) against the soft palate (the velum) at the same time. We release the dorsal closure before the labial closure, but they overlap for most of the time.
Labiodental	We produce it at labiodental. It means that we produce this sound with the lower lips and the upper teeth.
Labiovelar	We produce it at labialized velar. It means that we produce this sound with the back part of the tongue raised toward the soft palate (the velum) while we round the lips.
Lateral	It is a lateral consonant. It means that we produce this sound by directing the airstream over the sides of the tongue, but not down the middle.
Lingual airstream	The airstream mechanism is lingual ingressive (aka velaric ingressive). It means that we trap a pocket of air between two closures, then make the air thin by a "sucking" action of the tongue, but not being moved by the glottis or the lungs/diaphragm. We release the forward closure to produce the 'click' sound. Voiced and nasal clicks have a same pulmonic egressive airstream.
Linguolabial	We produce it at linguolabial. It means that we produce this sound with the tongue against the upper lip.
Nasal	It is a nasal consonant. It means that air is allowed to escape through the nose, either exclusively (nasal stops) or in addition to through the mouth.
Nasal stop	Its behavior is stop. It means that we produce this sound by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Since the consonant is also nasal, the blocked airflow is redirected through the nose.
Oral	It is an oral consonant. It means that air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
Oral-nasal	Clicks may be oral or nasal. It means that that the airflow is either restricted to the mouth, or passes through the nose as well.
Palatal	We produce it at palatal. It means that we produce this sound with the middle or back part of the tongue raised to the hard palate.
Palato-alveolar	We produce it at palato-alveolar, that is, domed (partially palatalized) postalveolar. It means that we produce this sound with the blade of the tongue behind the alveolar ridge, and the front of the tongue bunched up ("domed") at the palate.
Pharyngeal	We produce it at pharyngeal. It means that we produce this sound with the root of the tongue against the back of the throat (the pharynx).
Plosive	Its behavior is stop, or plosive. It means that we produce this sound by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. (The term plosive contrasts with nasal stops, where the blocked airflow is redirected through the nose.)
Pulmonic	The airstream mechanism is pulmonic. It means that we produce this sound by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
Retroflex	We produce it at retroflex, which prototypically means it is articulated sub-apical - with the tip of the tongue curled up. But more generally it means that it is postalveolar without being palatalized. That is, besides the prototypical sub-apical articulation, the tongue contact can be apical (pointed) or laminal (flat).
Retroflex shape	Its tongue shape is retroflex. It means that we produce this sound with the tip of the tongue flat or concave (curled up).
Sibilant	Its behavior is sibilant fricative. It means that it is generally produced by channeling air flow along a groove in the back of the tongue up to the place of articulation, at which point it is focused against the sharp edge of the nearly clenched teeth, causing high-frequency turbulence.
Sibilant affricate	Its behavior is sibilant affricate. It means that we produce this sound by first stopping the air flow entirely, then directing it with the tongue to the sharp edge of the teeth, causing high-frequency turbulence.
Trill	Its behavior is trill. It means that we produce this sound by directing air over the articulator so that it vibrates.
Uvular	We produce it at uvular. It means that we produce this sound with the back of the tongue (the dorsum) at the uvula.
Velar	We produce it at velar. It means that we produce this sound with the back of the tongue at the soft palate.
Voiced	Its phonation is voiced. It means that the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
Voiceless	Its phonation is voiceless. It means that we produce this sound without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
Voiceless implosive	The airstream mechanism is implosive (glottalic ingressive). It means that we produce this sound by pulling air in by pumping the glottis downward. As it is voiceless, the glottis is completely closed, and there is no pulmonic airstream at all.
Voiceless short	Its phonation is voiceless. It means that we produce this sound without vibrations of the vocal cords.