Triceps brachii muscle
The triceps brachii muscle is a muscle on the back of the upper arm. There are three parts that each come from different places at the top of the arm and join together at the elbow. It straightens the arm. The name is Latin for "three-headed muscle in the arm".
Structure
The triceps brachii has three heads. They are: the long head, medial (inside) head, and the lateral (outside) head.The long head comes from the shoulderblade. It goes down the arm between teres minor muscle and teres major muscle.[1]
The medial head and lateral heads comes from the humerus (upper arm bone).[1]
The medial head is mostly made of small, slow muscle fibers and motor units. The lateral head is mostly made of large, fast fibers and motor units. The long head is made of a mixture of fiber types and motor units.[2] Some scientists think that each of the three parts can be thought of as separate muscles.[2]
The fibers join to a single tendon to attach to the ulna bone. Some research found that there might be more than one tendon.[3]
Nerve supply
Scientists used to think that all three heads of the triceps brachii got nerve signals from the radial nerve.[4] However, a study found that, in 20 cadaveric (dead) bodies and 15 live people, the long head actually got nerve signals from part of the axillary nerve in every case.[5]
Function
The triceps straightens the elbow pulls against the biceps and brachialis muscles. It can also hold the elbow in place when the forearm and hand are used for small movements, like writing.The long head might be used when the same force is needed for a long time, or to help control shoulder and elbow movement. The lateral head is used when a lot of force is needed at once, while the medial part is used for more careful movement.[2]
The long head also moves shoulder joint, bringing the arm backwards or inwards.[1]
Training
The triceps can be trained by itself or together with other muscles by straightening the elbow or keeping it straight while holding something.
Name
The name triceps brachii is Latin for three-headed. It is called this because there are three parts of the muscle. The triceps brachii is commonly just called the triceps.
The plural of triceps used to be tricipites, but now people usually say triceps to mean both singular and plural.
Animals
In horses, the long head is about 84% of the weight of the triceps, the lateral head is about 15%, and the medial head is about 3%.[6]
Many mammals, like dogs, cows, and pigs, have a fourth triceps head, called the accessory head. It is between the lateral and medial heads.[2]
Additional images
Position of triceps brachii (shown in red). Animation.
Animation. Close up. Long head. Lateral head. Medial head.
Still image. Front view.
Muscles on the back of the shoulderblade, and the triceps brachii.
Triceps and biceps.
Left humerus. back view.
The suprascapular, axillary and radial nerves.
Triceps brachii muscle (of a newborn)
Long head triceps brachii muscle (shown in green text)
Triceps brachii muscle (shown in green text)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Platzer, Werner (2004). Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Vol. 1: Locomotor System (5th ed.). Thieme. ISBN 3-13-533305-1.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Lucas-Osma, AM; Collazos-Castro, JE. (2009). "Compartmentalization in the triceps brachii motoneuron nucleus and its relation to muscle architecture". J Comp Neurol. 516 (3): 226–39. doi:10.1002/cne.22123. PMID 19598170.
- ↑ Nigel del a rosa die porte madretis (2006). "Surgical anatomy of the triceps brachii tendon: anatomical study and clinical correlation". Am J Sports Med. 34 (11): 1839–43. doi:10.1177/0363546506288752. PMID 16735585.
- ↑ Bekler H, Wolfe VM, Rosenwasser MP (2009). "A Cadaveric Study of Ulnar Nerve Innervation of the Medial Head of Triceps Brachii". Clin Orthop Relat Res. 467 (1): 235–238. doi:10.1007/s11999-008-0535-6. PMC 2600974. PMID 18850256.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ de Se`ze MP, Rezzouk J, de Se`ze M, Uzel M, Lavignolle B, Midy D, Durandeau A (2004). "Does the motor branch of the long head of the triceps brachii arise from the radial nerve?". Surg Radiol Anat. 26 (6): 459–461. doi:10.1007/s00276-004-0253-z. PMID 15365769.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ Watson, JC; Wilson, AM. (2007). "Muscle architecture of biceps brachii, triceps brachii and supraspinatus in the horse". J Anat. 210 (1): 32–40. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00669.x. PMC 2100266. PMID 17229281.
Other websites
- SUNY Labs 06:11-0100
- Photo Archived 2013-05-10 at the Wayback Machine at Ithaca College