Voltage regulation

In electrical engineering, voltage regulation is a measure of the difference in voltage between the sending and receiving ends of a transmission system or distribution system. On one end of these systems is the source, where the power is received, and on the other end is the load, where the power is sent to. Voltage regulation involves measuring the difference in the voltage at each end.

Electric utility companies use some electrical equipment to maintain the voltage constant magnitude value transmitted or distributed along the power line, such as tap changer, voltage regulator, capacitor etc.

Voltage Regulation Media

Short line approximation. Here the line impedance Z = R + jωL.
Voltage phasor diagrams for a short transmission line serving lagging, in-phase, and leading loads.
Typical voltage profile expected on a distribution feeder with no DG. This voltage profile results from current through feeders with no DG decreases with distance from the substation.
Comparison of 24-hour voltage swings on a feeder with no PV, 20% PV and 20% PV with volt-VAR control.
Real transformer equivalent circuit

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