Pressure
Pressure means how much force something is pushing on something else with. It is expressed as force acting per unit area:
P = F / A
(Pressure = Force divided by Area that force is acting on)
It can also be defined as thrust (compressive force acting perpendicularly to the surface of a body) acting per unit area.
Pressure is directly proportional to force and inversely proportional to area., so the same amount of force applied by a hand will produce less pressure than when applied by something smaller, like a finger.
It is important to understand the distinction between pressure and force. Body A may exert a much larger force on a surface than body B, but if that force is spread out over an area larger than that of body B, the pressure exerted will be less than that of body B. More force is not always equal to more pressure, and vice versa
Pressure is also related to density. If a solid or a fluid is more dense, it has a larger weight, and therefore exerts a larger force, over the same area.
The SI unit of pressure is the Pascal (Pa) named after French physicist Blaise Pascal, who did much work on pressure. 1 pascal = a force of 1 newton per square meter. To measure much larger and much smaller pressures, sub-multiples of the unit, such as kilopascal and megapascal exist.
Atmospheric pressure is the pressure exerted by oxygen and other molecules (the atmosphere basically) on a body/point/area at sea level, and is equal to approximately 100000 Newtons or 100Kn. Atmospheric pressures is measured using instruments such as the barometer which uses the principles of pressure and vacuum to measure the atmospheric pressure.
Pressure Media
Pressure as exerted by particle collisions inside a closed container
Manometer (with mercury column), after Bennert, scale 2-180 mbar, with ajustable mirror scale on wood base
Pressure units as circles in log scale. 4 graphs show scaled P units to unitary mTorr, Pa, mbar, bar. A circle is to imagine a bubble, that such pressure would occupy.
The effects of an external pressure of 700 bar on an aluminum cylinder with 5 mm (0.197 in) wall thickness
Water escapes at high speed from a damaged hydrant that contains water at high pressure
Low-pressure chamber in Bundesleistungszentrum Kienbaum, Germany
Other websites
- Pressure -Citizendium
