Ancient philosophy
Ancient philosophy refers to the philosophies of Ancient China, Greece, Rome, India, Iran, etc. These places had large empires before 200 BC. This time is sometimes called the Axial Age of thought. In the western world it is the birthtime of western philosophy.
Greece and Rome
Ancient philosophy in Europe refers mainly to that of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. Diogenes Laërtius, a 3rd-century scholar wrote Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers, which summarized the position of many Ancient Greek philosophers. This work was translated into Latin and meant that Ancient Greek philosophy remained known even after Library of Alexandria lost its influence. Most of Ancient philosophy was forgotten after the 6th century. After this, it was mainly through Islamic thinkers such as Avicenna (11th century), Averroës (12th century), or the Jewish philosopher Maimonides (12th century) that Ancient philosophy became known again. Medieval philosophy, such as that of Albertus Magnus (13th century) or Thomas Aquinas meant that the works of thinkers such as Aristotle were well known.
Ancient Philosophy Media
Graphical relationship among the various pre-Socratic philosophers and thinkers; red arrows indicate a relationship of opposition.
Raphael's School of Athens, depicting an array of ancient Greek philosophers engaged in discussion.
Head in white marble. Ostia Antica, Museo, inv. 436. Neck broken through diagonally, head broken into two halves and reconstructed. Lower half of nose is missing. One of four replicas which were all discovered in Ostia. The identification as Plotinus is plausible but not proven.
Zarathustra as depicted in Raphael's The School of Athens beside Raphael who appears as the ancient painter Apelles of Kos.
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Other websites
- Western philosophy -Citizendium
