Apollonius of Perga

Apollonius
Apollonius
Ἀπολλώνιος
	Imaginary depiction of Apollonius from a 1537 edition of his works
Born	c. 240 BC
Died	c. 190 BC
Known for	Conics; Problem of Apollonius; Apollonian circles; Circles of Apollonius;
	Scientific career
Fields	Geometry

Template:Thông tin nhân vật phong kiếnApollonius of Pergaeus (Ancient Greek: Ἀπολλώνιος, c. 262 BC – c 190 BC) was an ancient Greek astronomer and mathematician, well-known for his works related to conics . His innovative methods and terminology, especially in the field of conics, influenced many later scholars including Ptolemaeus, Francesco Maurolico, Johannes Kepler, Isaac Newton, and René Descartes. Apollonius gave the terms ofEllipse, Parabola, and Hyperbola as we use today. The hypothesis of eccentric orbits used to explain the apparent orbits of the planets and the rate of change of the Moon, or Apollonius's Theorem, was his discovery, later described by Ptolemaeus in volume XII.1 of Almagest. Apollonius also studied the Moon, a crater on the Moon that was named after him.

Apollonius Of Perga Media

The conic sections, or two-dimensional figures formed by the intersection of a plane with a cone at different angles. The theory of these figures was developed extensively by the ancient Greek mathematicians, surviving especially in works such as those of Apollonius of Perga. The conic sections pervade modern mathematics.
Pages from the 9th century Arabic translation of the Conics
1661 edition of Conica by Apollonius edited by Giuseppe Cocchini
Visual form of the Pythagorean theorem as the ancient Greeks saw it. The area of the blue square is the sum of the areas of the other two squares.
Cartesian coordinate system, standard in analytic geometry

Reference

Alhazen (1985). Hogendijk, J.P. (ed.). Ibn al-Haytham's Completion of the "Conics". New York: Springer Verlag.
Apollonius. Apollonii Pergaei quae Graece exstant cum commentariis antiquis. Edited by I. L. Heiberg. 2 volumes. (Leipzig: Teubner, 1891/1893).
Apollonius. Apollonius of Perga Conics Books I–III. Translated by R. Catesby Taliaferro. (Santa Fe: Green Lion Press, 1998).
Apollonius. Apollonius of Perga Conics Book IV. Translated with introduction and notes by Michael N. Fried. (Santa Fe: Green Lion Press, 2002).
Fried, Michael N.; Unguru, Sabetai (2001). Apollonius of Perga’s Conica: Text, Context, Subtext. Leiden: Brill.
Knorr, W. R. (1986). Ancient Tradition of Geometric Problems. Cambridge, MA: Birkhauser Boston.
Neugebauer, Otto (1975). A History of Ancient Mathematical Astronomy. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Pappus of Alexandria (1986). Jones, A (ed.). Book 7 of the "Collection". New York: Springer-Verlag.
Toomer, G.J. (1970). "Apollonius of Perga". Dictionary of Scientific Biography 1. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 179–193.
Zeuthen, H. G. (1886). Die Lehre von den Kegelschnitten im Altertum. Copenhagen: Höst and Sohn.
Text in Classical Greek: PDF scans of Heiberg's edition of the Conic Sections of Apollonius of Perga, now in the public domain
In English translation: Treatise on the Conic Sections, trans. T.L. Heath

Other websites

The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica (2006). "Apollonius of Perga". Encyclopaedia Britannica.
O'Connor, John J; Edmund F. Robertson "Apollonius of Perga". MacTutor History of Mathematics archive.
David Dennis; Susan Addington (2009). "Apollonius and Conic Sections" (PDF). Mathematical Intentions. quadrivium.info.
Scans of old editions of some of Apollonius' works in several languages at wilbourhall.org