Atmosphere of Jupiter

The atmosphere of Jupiter is the largest planetary atmosphere in the Solar System. It is mostly made up of molecular hydrogen and helium. It is also made up of methane, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, water, nitrogen, sulfur, and noble gases.

Storms

The storms on Jupiter are like thunderstorms on Earth, meaning Jupiter has thunderstorms. The storms are from moist convection in the atmosphere connected to the evaporation and condensation of water. Jovian lightning also emits radio wave pulses that are typically separated by about one millisecond.^[1]

Jovian storms are short-lived phenomena; the strongest of them may exist for several months, while the average lifetime is only 3–4 days.^[2]

Atmosphere Of Jupiter Media

Jupiter's swirling clouds, in a true-color image taken during fly-by of the Cassini-Huygens probe on 29th of December, 2000
False colored morphing animation of Jupiter's clouds in motion
Vertical structure of the atmosphere of Jupiter. Note that the temperature drops together with altitude above the tropopause. The Galileo atmospheric probe stopped transmitting at a depth of 132 km below the 1 bar "surface" of Jupiter.
A polar stereographic projection of Jupiter's atmosphere centered about Jupiter's south pole
Zonal wind speeds in the atmosphere of Jupiter
Idealized illustration of Jupiter's cloud bands, labeled with their official abbreviations. Lighter zones are indicated to the right, darker belts to the left. The Great Red Spot and Oval BA are shown in the South Tropical Zone and South Temperate Belt, respectively.
This false color image from the HST reveals a rare wave structure just north of the planet's equator.
Hubble images of Jupiter taken under the OPAL (Outer Planet Atmospheres Legacy) program from 2015 to 2024, with approximately true color.
False color thermal image of Jupiter, by the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility.

References

↑ Ogasa, Nikk (23 May 2023). "Jupiter’s lightning bolts contort the same way as Earth’s". ScienceNews. https://www.sciencenews.org/article/jupiter-lightning-bolt-contort-earth.
↑ Jovian atmospheric dynamics: An update after Galileo and Cassini. Reports on Progress in Physics.

Other websites

Sound of Jupiter lightning
The Planetary Society blog post (2017-05-09) by Peter Rosén describing assembly of a video of Jupiter's atmospheric activity from 19 December 2014 to 31 March 2015 from amateur astronomer images

[1] Ogasa, Nikk (23 May 2023). "Jupiter’s lightning bolts contort the same way as Earth’s". ScienceNews. https://www.sciencenews.org/article/jupiter-lightning-bolt-contort-earth.

[2] Jovian atmospheric dynamics: An update after Galileo and Cassini. Reports on Progress in Physics.

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