Atmosphere of Mars
The atmosphere of Mars is the layer of gases surrounding Mars. It is mainly made up of carbon dioxide. The average atmospheric pressure of the Martian surface (6.0 mbar) is much lower than that of the Earth (1,013 mbar). The pressure is well below the Armstrong limit, meaning that water boils at the normal temperature of the human body: 98.6 °F (36.6 °C).
The Martian atmosphere contains 96% carbon dioxide, 1.9% argon, 1.9% nitrogen, and traces of oxygen, carbon monoxide, water and methane, and so on.[1] Ever since the discovery of methane in 2003,[2][3] scientists say that this might indicate life. It has also been suggested that is may be caused by geochemical processes, volcanic or hydrothermal activity.[4]
The atmosphere of Mars is quite dusty, giving the Martian sky a light brown or orange-red color when seen from the surface. Data from NASA pointed out that the dust particles are 1.5 micrometres diameter.[5]
On 18 March 2015, NASA found an aurora that is not fully understood and an unexplained dust cloud in the atmosphere of Mars.[6]
Liquid water on Mars was once commonplace, which means the atmosphere was thicker. Many studies have found that the atmosphere of Mars has been weakened over time due to solar winds. On Earth, the magnetic field protects us from most of the wind. Mars used to have a magnetic field, but cooling of the core has resulted in the magnetic field being lost.[7]
Atmosphere Of Mars Media
Comparison of the abundance of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and argon in the atmospheres of Earth, Venus, and Mars
Argon isotope ratios are a signature of atmospheric loss on Mars.
Seasonal variations of oxygen at Gale crater
Clouds captured by NASA's Curiosity rover
The vertical structure of the atmosphere of Mars overlaying with temperature profiles retrieved from the entry probes of Mars landers. Data source: NASA Planetary Data System
Solar Wind Strips the Martian Atmosphere
Seasonal variations in oxygen and methane at Gale crater
Difference of dust and water clouds: the orange cloud at the center of the image is a large dust cloud, the other white polar clouds are water clouds.
Detail of a Marsian dust storm, as viewed from orbit
A 700 kilometer long dust storm front (marked by the red arrow) as viewed from orbit at different angles. The red circle of Marsian terrain is just for orientation.
PIA22737-Mars-2018DustStorm-MCS-MRO-Animation-20181030
Mars sounds (Perseverance) (video; 1:29; 1 April 2022)
References
- ↑ Abundance and Isotopic Composition of Gases in the Martian Atmosphere from the Curiosity Rover. Sciencemag.org (2013-07-19). Retrieved 5 October 2013.
- ↑ Interplanetary Whodunit – Methane on Mars, David Tenenbaum, Astrobiology Magazine, NASA, July 20, 2005. (Note: part one of a four-part series.)
- ↑ Mumma, M. J.; Novak, R. E.; DiSanti, M. A.; Bonev, B. P., "A Sensitive Search for Methane on Mars" (abstract only). American Astronomical Society, DPS meeting #35, #14.18.
- ↑ "Making Sense of Mars Methane (June 2008)". Archived from the original on 2008-09-23. Retrieved 2016-03-07.
- ↑ Lemmon et al., "Atmospheric Imaging Results from the Mars Exploration Rovers: Spirit and Opportunity"
- ↑ Brown, Dwayne; Neal-Jones, Nancy; Steigerwald, Bill; Scoitt, Jim (18 March 2015). "RELEASE 15-045 NASA Spacecraft Detects Aurora and Mysterious Dust Cloud around Mars". Retrieved 18 March 2015.
- ↑ MacDonald, Fiona (5 November 2015). "It's official: NASA announces Mars' atmosphere was stripped away by solar winds". ScienceAlert. Retrieved 7 March 2016.